Recombinant Human CD59 Protein (C-6His)

Name: Recombinant Human CD59 Protein (C-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-2628NP
Availability: InStock

BL-2628NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: Car-nk targets proteins, Cluster of differentiation (cd) proteins, Featured cd protein molecules, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human CD59 Glycoprotein is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Leu26-Asn102 is expressed with a 6His tag at the C-terminus.
Accession	P13987
Synonym	1F5 antigen; 1F5; 20 kDa homologous restriction factor; CD59 antigen; CD59 glycoprotein; CD59; HRF20; HRF-20; MACIF; MAC-IP; MIC11; MIC11MSK21; MIN1; MIN2; MIN3; MIRL; p18-20; 16.3A5; EL32; FLJ38134; FLJ92039; G344
Gene Background	CD59, also known as membrane attack complex inhibition factor (MACIF), Protectin, 1F5 antigen, HRF-20 and MIRL, is an approximately 20 kDa GPI anchored glycoprotein that is an important regulator of the complement system in blood. CD59 is a potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) action. CD59 was first identified as a regulator of the terminal pathway of complement. It acts by binding to the C8 and/or C9 complements of the assembling MAC, thereby preventing incorporation of the multiple copies of C9 required for complete formation of the osmolytic pore. This inhibitor appears to be species-specific. CD59 is involved in signal transduction for T-cell activation complexed to a protein tyrosine kinase.
Molecular Mass	9.8 KDa
Apmol Mass	15-20 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) action. Acts by binding to the C8 and/or C9 complements of the assembling MAC, thereby preventing incorporation of the multiple copies of C9 required for complete formation of the osmolytic pore. This inhibitor appears to be species-specific. Involved in signal transduction for T-cell activation complexed to a protein tyrosine kinase.; The soluble form from urine retains its specific complement binding activity, but exhibits greatly reduced ability to inhibit MAC assembly on cell membranes.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor. Secreted. Note=Soluble form found in a number of tissues.
Database References	HGNC: 1689 OMIM: 107271 KEGG: hsa:966 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000340210 UniGene: Hs.278573
Associated Diseases	Hemolytic anemia, CD59-mediated, with or without polyneuropathy (HACD59)

Gene Functions References

Parainfluenza Virus 5 (PIV5) containing CD59 antigens (PIV5-CD59) shows increased resistance to complement-mediated neutralization in vitro comparing to PIV5 lacking regulators. Infection of A549 cells with PIV5 upregulates CD59 expression. TGF-beta treatment of PIV5-infected cells also increases cell surface CD59 expression and progeny virions are more resistant to complement-mediated neutralization. PMID: 29693588
Nonfunctioning CD59 is a major risk factor for stroke and hypercoagulability. PMID: 29929138
Therapeutic strategies that seek to modulate the functions of CD59 in the tumor microenvironment could be a promising direction for tumor immunotherapy. PMID: 29521526
This study demonstrated that Diffuse microvascular C5b-9 deposition is a common feature in muscle and nerve biopsies from diabetic patients. PMID: 29458425
Movement of Domain 2 with respect to Domain 3 of ILY is essential for forming a late prepore intermediate that releases CD59, while the role of cholesterol may be limited to insertion of the transmembrane segments. Together these data define a structural timeline for ILY pore formation and suggest a mechanism that is relevant to understanding other pore-forming toxins that also require CD59. PMID: 27910935
CD59 polymorphisms are associated with gene expression and different sexual susceptibility to pemphigus foliaceus in the Brazilian patients. PMID: 28534443
we demonstrated that CD59 regulation by SOX2 is required for stem cell evasion of complement surveillance. This finding highlights the importance of complement surveillance in eliminating CSCs and may suggest CD59 as a potential target for cancer therapy. PMID: 28017655
The results indicate that shear stress is an important mediator in endothelial progenitor cells expression of CD59 regulated by the extacellular matrix-integrin alphaVbeta3-F-actin pathway, which is a key factor in preventing membrane attack complex-mediated cell autolysis. PMID: 28943429
Data show that following 4 patients with CD59 Cys89Tyr mutations who are treated with eculizumab, no strokes occurred and non-permanent neurological insults underwent resolution without any new neurological exacerbations. PMID: 28622911
our results indicate that the Lys(41) /His(44) glycation motif in human CD59 may confer humans a higher risk of developing vascular disease in response to hyperglycemia. PMID: 28815695
Structural basis for receptor recognition by the human CD59-responsive cholesterol-dependent cytolysins has been presented. PMID: 27499440
developed a model of conditional and targeted cell ablation by generating floxed STOP-CD59 knockin mice (ihCD59), in which expression of human CD59 only occurs after Cre-mediated recombination PMID: 27159394
Our results revealed that SNPs CD59-rs831626 and CFH-rs1065489 were associated with the susceptibility of acute anterior uveitis. PMID: 27419833
Novel disorder caused by CD59 deficiency or nonfunctional CD59 at the cell membrane presenting with symptoms characteristic of classical GBS or CIDP. PMID: 27568864
Single-fluorescent-molecule imaging in the live-cell plasma membrane revealed the clear but transient colocalization and codiffusion of fluorescent ganglioside analogs with a fluorescently labeled glycosylphosphatidylinisotol (GPI)-anchored protein, human CD59, with lifetimes of 12 ms for CD59 monomers, 40 ms for CD59's transient homodimer rafts in quiescent cells. PMID: 27043189
There is an altered pattern of CD55 and CD59 expression on RBCs of SCD Patients; however, it does not seem to play a causal role in the pathophysiology of anemia, and is unlikely to be influenced by the level of erythropoietin or other inflammatory mediators. PMID: 27667587
Study revealed that CD59 is overexpressed in breast cancer tumors and correlates with poor survival. PMID: 26935178
A Promoter Polymorphism in the CD59 Gene in Donor Lungs Correlates With a Higher Risk for Chronic Rejection After Lung Transplantation. PMID: 26517734
Urinary CD59 and alpha-1 antitrypsin are significantly altered in hypertensive patients developing albuminuria. PMID: 26772976
levels of CSF CD59 in neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis PMID: 26686775
Increased internalization of endothelial CD59 in intermittent hypoxia appeared to be cholesterol-dependent and was reversed by statins in a CD59-dependent manner. PMID: 26738794
Low urine CD59 expression is associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PMID: 26420021
Decreased CD59 expression in threatened miscarriage at late gestational ages leads to additional activation of a maternal immune response and serves as a possible predictor for premature birth. PMID: 26978230
Data show that the palmitoylation mutation of linker for activation of T cells (LAT)attenuated the signal transduction induced by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored CD59 antigen in T cells. PMID: 26271970
After blockage of CD59 function, the reactive Abs, regardless of their neutralizing activities, significantly enhanced specific ADCML of HIV-1 virions PMID: 26136568
Genetic risk at the CFH-to-F13B locus was associated with higher levels of complement activation at the human macular RPE-choroid interface, as was cigarette smoking. Levels of CRP were substantially elevated in risk donors with smoking history. PMID: 26218915
A primary homozygous Cys89Tyr CD59 deficiency in humans resulted in the amino acid substitution p.Cys89Tyr with ensuing failure of proper localization of the CD59 protein to the cell surface. (Review) PMID: 25818314
Increased CD59 protein expression is associated with the outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP antineoplastic protocol. PMID: 24924474
Data suggest that microRNA-224 directly down-regulates CD59 antigen expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by binding to CD59 3'-untranslated region. PMID: 25146331
Expression of membrane complement regulators, CD46, CD55 and CD59, in mesothelial cells of patients on peritoneal dialysis therapy. PMID: 25725314
The presence of CD55- and/or CD59-deficient erythrocytic populations in patients with rheumatic diseases reflects an immune-mediated bone-marrow derived phenomenon. PMID: 24463881
Provirus activation plus CD59 blockage triggers antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis of latently HIV-1-infected cells. PMID: 25149467
Data indicate that down-regulation of CD59 expression could inhibit HeLa cells' proliferation and promote apoptosis, and the inhibitory effect of peptide seal was better than that of CD59 interference plasmid. PMID: 24909278
The expression levels of CD46, CD55, and CD59 were significantly higher in colon cancer tissues compared with the normal adjacent colon tissues. PMID: 24978917
this study observed robust relationships between a single measurement of blood levels of GCD59 and both acute (2-hour OGTT) and chronic (HbA1c) measures of glucose handling. PMID: 24628556
Hemolytic uremic syndrome evolved independently from CD55 and CD59 expression on peripheral blood cells in enteroaggregative E.coli O104:H4 infected patients. PMID: 24086391
Data suggest that CD59 gene might be a genetic locus for the therapy of atherosclerosis. PMID: 24084445
We found that CD46 and CD59 were decreased in retinal pigment epithelium cells in part, by their release in exosomes and apoptotic particles. PMID: 24664706
Use of AAV2/8-sCD59 warrants further exploration as a potential therapy for advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy PMID: 24167638
Sp1 may regulate the expression of CD59, whereas CREB-binding protein (CBP)/p300 bridge NF-kappaB and CREB, which functions as an enhancer-binding protein to induce the up-regulation of CD59 during in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered complement activation. PMID: 24338025
CD59 silencing in NSCLC cancer cells via retrovirus-mediated RNAi can enhance complement-mediated cell apoptosis, inhibiting the growth of NSCLC. CD59 may serve as a potential target for gene therapy in NSCLC PMID: 23835643
mutation of palmitoylation site of LAT-EGFP attenuated the signal transduction of CD59 in T cells PMID: 24200054
The primary CD59-ILY binding site is composed of a side-to-side contact between the beta hairpin extension of ILY D4 and the core beta sheet of CD59. PMID: 23665225
Data show that increased CD35, CD46, CD55 and CD59 on neutrophils and monocytes present potent markers of bacterial infection and viral infection. PMID: 23376460
Hematology and diabetes: from hemoglobin A1c to CD59 glycation. PMID: 23757192
a novel, sensitive, and specific ELISA for measuring GCD59 in blood. The assay distinguished individuals with diabetes from those without, and showed strong correlation between GCD59 and HbA1c. PMID: 23670858
CD59 was a type of membrane-bound protein, CD59 and Cbp played synergistic roles in cell activation and proliferation. PMID: 23746236
HCV incorporates selectively CD59, but not CD46 or CD55, in its envelope to gain resistance to CML in serum of infected individuals PMID: 23049856
A Cys89Tyr mutation is associated with improper cell-surface localization of CD59. This mutation is manifested clinically in infancy by chronic hemolysis & relapsing peripheral demyelinating disease. PMID: 23149847
findings demonstrated that decreased CD59 expression on T cells significantly enhanced activation and proliferation of CD4( ) T cells and CD8( ) T cells; data support that CD59 down-regulates antigen-specific activation of T lymphocytes in a ligand-dependent manner PMID: 22480874

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.