Recombinant Human Negative Elongation Factor B (NELFB) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Negative Elongation Factor B (NELFB) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-08459P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Negative Elongation Factor B (NELFB) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q8WX92
Target Symbol	NELFB
Synonyms	NELFB; COBRA1; KIAA1182; Negative elongation factor B; NELF-B; Cofactor of BRCA1
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	LGVANGEDLKETLTNCTEPLKAIEQFQTENGVLLPSLQSALPFLDLHGTPRLEFHQSVFDELRDKLLERVSAIASEGKAEERYKKLEDLLEKSFSLVKMPSLQPVVMCVMKHLPKVPEKKLKLVMADKELYRACAVEVKRQIWQDNQALFGDEVSPLLKQYILEKESALFSTELSVLHNFFSPSPKTRRQGE
Expression Range	8-199aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	48.9kDa
Research Area	Transcription
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Essential component of the NELF complex, a complex that negatively regulates the elongation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. The NELF complex, which acts via an association with the DSIF complex and causes transcriptional pausing, is counteracted by the P-TEFb kinase complex. May be able to induce chromatin unfolding. Essential for early embryogenesis; plays an important role in maintaining the undifferentiated state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by preventing unscheduled expression of developmental genes. Plays a key role in establishing the responsiveness of stem cells to developmental cues; facilitates plasticity and cell fate commitment in ESCs by establishing the appropriate expression level of signaling molecules. Supports the transcription of genes involved in energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes; facilitates the association of transcription initiation factors with the promoters of the metabolism-related genes.; (Microbial infection) The NELF complex is involved in HIV-1 latency possibly involving recruitment of PCF11 to paused RNA polymerase II. In vitro, binds weakly to the HIV-1 TAR RNA which is located in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV-1.
Subcellular Location	Nucleus.
Protein Families	NELF-B family
Database References	HGNC: 24324 OMIM: 611180 KEGG: hsa:25920 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000339495 UniGene: Hs.521809
Tissue Specificity	Widely expressed. Expressed in heart, brain, lung, placenta, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas.

Gene Functions References

BRCA1 Interacting Protein COBRA1 Facilitates Adaptation to Castrate-Resistant Growth Conditions. PMID: 30036938
A positively charged face of NELF-AC is involved in RNA binding, whereas the opposite face of the NELF-AC subcomplex binds NELF-B. NELF-B is predicted to form a HEAT repeat fold, also binds RNA in vivo, and anchors the subunit NELF-E, which is confirmed to bind RNA in vivo. PMID: 27282391
High COBRA1 expression is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 28112367
both human and mouse NELF-B proteins are translated from a non-AUG codon upstream of the annotated AUG. PMID: 26010750
These studies allow us to position the actions of two new modulators of GR-regulated transactivation, NELF-A and NELF-B, relative to other factors in the overall gene induction sequence. PMID: 24097989
data show that NELF subunits exhibit highly specific subcellular localizations, such as in NELF bodies or in midbodies, and some shuttle actively between the nucleus and cytoplasm; loss of NELF from cells can lead to enlarged and/or multiple nuclei PMID: 19245807
NELF-C and NELF-D are highly related or identical to the protein called TH1, of unknown function. NELF-B and NELF-C or NELF-D are integral subunits that bring NELF-A and NELF-E together. [NELF-B] [NELF-C] PMID: 12612062
differentially expressed in breast cancer cell lines, antibody to it may be a useful tool to investigate its functions PMID: 15185750
COBRA1 may directly modulate AP-1 pathway and, therefore, may play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and oncogenesis. PMID: 15530430
COBRA1 can negatively regulate the activator protein-1 (AP-1) complex at the TFF1 promoter and thus down-regulate TFF1 expression in gastric cancer cell lines. PMID: 16452188
Decreasing NELF also correlated with displacement of a positioned nucleosome and increased acetylation of histone H4, suggesting coupling of transcription elongation and chromatin remodeling PMID: 17442680
Negative elongation factor (NELF) is a four subunit transcription factor. Our results point to a surprising role of NELF in the 3' end processing of histone mRNAs and suggest that NELF is a new factor that coordinates mRNA processing in transcription. PMID: 17499042
COBRA1 may coordinate multiple steps in ligand-dependent gene expression, which in turn ensures both the quantity and quality of hormone-stimulated gene products PMID: 17659869
a lack of COBRA1 expression in breast carcinoma may serve as a useful indicator for poor prognosis. PMID: 17910036
COBRA1 and BRCA1 may engage in common gene regulatory pathways to suppress breast cancer progression. PMID: 18071589

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.