Recombinant Bovie Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Bovie Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-08380P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: Antibody / cell therapy targets, Antibody therapeutic / adc target proteins, Cytokines, Cytokines and growth factors, Recombinant proteins, Tumor necrosis factors and receptors (tnfs)

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Bovie Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q06599
Target Symbol	TNF
Synonyms	TNF; TNFA; TNFSF2; Tumor necrosis factor; Cachectin; TNF-alpha; Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2; TNF-a) [Cleaved into: Tumor necrosis factor; membrane form; N-terminal fragment; NTF); Intracellular domain 1; ICD1); Intracellular domain 2; ICD2); C-domain 1; C-domain 2; Tumor necrosis factor; soluble form]
Species	Bos taurus (Bovine)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	LRSSSQASSNKPVAHVVADINSPGQLRWWDSYANALMANGVKLEDNQLVVPADGLYLIYSQVLFRGQGCPSTPLFLTHTISRIAVSYQTKVNILSAIKSPCHRETPEWAEAKPWYEPIYQGGVFQLEKGDRLSAEINLPDYLDYAESGQVYFGIIAL
Expression Range	78-234aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	44.4kDa
Research Area	Others
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible for TNF-induced insulin resistance. Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with IL1B and IL6.; The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.; [Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.; [Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted.; [C-domain 1]: Secreted.; [C-domain 2]: Secreted.
Protein Families	Tumor necrosis factor family
Database References	KEGG: bta:280943 STRING: 9913.ENSBTAP00000035682 UniGene: Bt.12756

Gene Functions References

Data suggest that luteolytic factors (such as TNFa, interferon gamma, and PGF2a) control expression of MMP1, other matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase in cultured luteal cells. PMID: 25924700
These results suggest that polymorphism of the TNFalpha-824 A>G gene and mTNFalpha protein expression play an important role in the pathogenesis of enzootic bovine leukosis. PMID: 26618585
These results suggest that the endometrium might lower the TNF concentration in the blastocyst by (1) regulating TNF secretion into the uterine fluid and (2) inducing decreased TNF and TNFR2 mRNA transcription in the embryo. PMID: 25589228
There was a significant association between the proviral load and a low frequency of the G/G genotype of TNF-alpha at position -824. PMID: 26051703
SNP in the TNF-alpha gene affects immune function and reproductive performance in dairy cows. PMID: 24562592
Studied genotypic and expression profiling of partial TNF-alpha gene and its association with mastitis susceptibility in 129 crossbred cattle. PMID: 25380461
Messenger RNA and protein levels of prostaglandin (PG) E synthase (PGES), PGF2alpha receptor (PGFR), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and Fas were found to be higher in the corpus luteum of pregnancy than in corpus luteum of the cycle. PMID: 24856470
TNF-alpha up-regulates NaV1.7 mRNA in both adrenal chromaffin cells and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, highlighting the peripheral nociceptive mechanism of TNF-alpha PMID: 24445633
These results provide evidence for a high prevalence of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeding cows as well as the involvement of TNFalpha and iNOS pathways in the regulation of this pathological condition. PMID: 24597304
Exposure to follicular fluid transiently increased the transcript levels of IL8 and PTGS2, and decreased the expression of SOD2, GPX3, DAB2, and NR3C1. TNF and IL6 levels were also decreased while those of NAMPT were unaffected. PMID: 24186266
the effects of lysophopatidic acid on TNFalpha and IFNgamma - induced decrease of progesterone synthesis and on the cytokine - induced apoptosis of the cultured luteal cells. PMID: 23856004
potential DNA markers in the improvement of immunity to mastitis PMID: 23758855
A role for TNFalpha in intervertebral disc degeneration: a non-recoverable catabolic shift. PMID: 23438440
Results indicate that TNF-alpha does not affect autonomous, pulsatile progesterone (P(4)) release, increases P(4) secretion by bovine corpus luteum (CL) with increasing dose & reduces in a dose-dependent manner responsiveness of CL to luteotropic factors. PMID: 21256693
The differences in genetic polymorphism of TNFalpha between dairy dairy cattle herds infected and not infected with the bovine leukemia virus are reported. PMID: 22439343
These results suggest that TNF-alpha sources include immune cells, as well as large and small luteal cells, and that TNF-RI and TNF-RII are present in the luteal cells of the bovine corpus luteum. PMID: 21551345
Role of TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha in IL-1beta mediated activation of proMMP-9 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells: involvement of an aprotinin sensitive protease. PMID: 21722622
Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha response to either of two lipopolysaccharide challenges was lower in progesterone-treated than in 17beta-estradiol-treated steers. Xanthine oxidase response to either challenge was greater for estradiol-treated steers. PMID: 21356584
The expression and cellular localization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and its receptors (TNFRI and TNFRII) mRNAs and proteins, were determined. PMID: 20705117
Gene expression changes were observed, but there were no changes in TNFalpha concentrations, which may indicate its local involvement in catabolic adaptation of adipose tissue. PMID: 20579185
ALOX5AP, CPNE3, IL1R2, IL6, TLR2, TLR4, and THY1 were upregulated in blood polymorphonuclear cells in negative energy balance versus positive energy balance cows. PMID: 20072847
The upregulation of TNFRI mRNA expression by IFNG suggests that TNF and IFNG synergistically affect the death of luteal endothelial cells resulting in acute luteolysis PMID: 20562522
aggrecanase activity (a) is responsible for early TNFalpha-dependent aggrecan cleavage and GAG release in the meniscus and (b) might be involved in meniscal degeneration. PMID: 19778432
Tumour necrosis factor alpha up-regulates protein kinase R (PKR)-activating protein (PACT) and increases phosphorylation of PKR and eukaryotic initiation factor 2-alpha in articular chondrocytes PMID: 12440939
results support the possibility that tumor necrosis factor-alpha is responsible for the changes in hormone secretion, milk production and composition, and inflammatory parameters observed during coliform mastitis PMID: 12703618
TNF-alpha exerts transcriptional, as well as post-transcriptional, effects on eNOS gene expression PMID: 14581470
there are TNFalpha receptors in bovine granulosa and theca cells in small, preovulatory and atretic follicles; TNFalpha plays a role in regulating their secretory function PMID: 14967894
TNFalpha augments prostaglandin F2alpha and E2 production by bovine endometrial stromal cells partially via induction of NOS with subsequent stimulation of NO-cGMP formation PMID: 15226598
TNF binding induces release of AIP1 (DAB2IP) from TNFR1, resulting in cytoplasmic translocation and concomitant formation of an intracellular signaling complex comprised of TRADD, RIP1, TRAF2, and AIPl. PMID: 15310755
Levels in milk are altered in the presence of bacteria PMID: 15372997
These results suggest that the pattern of plasma TNF-alpha changes that evolve from a low-level double LPS challenge. PMID: 15661839
TNFalpha-induced desumoylation and cytoplasmic translocation of HIPK1 are critical in TNFalpha-induced ASK1-JNK/p38 activation PMID: 15701637
PKD is a critical mediator in H2O2- but not TNF-induced ASK1-JNK signaling PMID: 15755722
Dok-4 has a role as an anchoring molecule for the tyrosine kinase c-Src, and in turn as a regulator of TNF-alpha-mediated ROS production and NF-kappaB activation PMID: 15855164
data suggest that an aberrant expression of TNF-alpha might contribute to the progression of bovine leukosis in animals which develop persistent lymphocytosis of B-cells or B-cell lymphosarcoma PMID: 16155729
the p38-MAPK/CREB pathway plays a critical role in TNFalpha-induced VCAM-1 expression PMID: 16715652
frequency of the TNF-824G allele was higher in cows with bovine leukemia virus -induced lymphoma than asymptomatic carriers; data suggest the polymorphism in the promoter region could in part contribute to progression of lymphoma in BLV-infection PMID: 16839795
In endothelial cells TNF-alpha coordinately downregulates nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and argininosuccinate synthase expression, resulting in a severely impaired citrulline-NO cycle. PMID: 17496212
The results showed that the expression of TNF-alpha, iNOS, and IL-6 in alveolar macrophages was up-regulated by stimulation with the recombinant Mce4A protein of M. bovis; in contrast, expression of IL-12 was unaffected. PMID: 17530193
Lipopolysaccharide stimulation up-regulates the secretion of cytokines by bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes. PMID: 17727806
the pathogen causing subclinical mastitis impairs NF-kappaB activation in MEC thereby severely weakening the immune response,induction of IL-8 and TNFalpha, in the udder PMID: 17936907
Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits oxidative phosphorylation through tyrosine phosphorylation at subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase PMID: 18534980
These results indicate that activation of the intrinsic antistaphylococcal response in bovine endothelial cells (BEC), enhanced by TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, is effective to eliminate S. aureus and S. epidermidis. PMID: 18625014
These results suggest that activation of the signaling pathway initiated by TNF-alpha could play an important role in the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus epidermidis. PMID: 19191876
TNFalpha seems to play some role as a modulator of PGF(2alpha) and PGE(2) production and for transferring the embryo from the oviduct to the uterus by stimulating NO production in the bovine oviduct. PMID: 19596830
The current study suggests the existence of an active TNF-alpha-plasminogen-plasmin autocrine/paracrine loop on the massively infiltrated polymorphonuclear neutrophils inside udders of drying-off cows. PMID: 19638263
Mechanical injury potentiates the catabolic effects of TNFalpha and IL-6/sIL-6R in causing proteoglycan degradation in human and bovine cartilage. PMID: 19790045

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.