Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A Protein

Name: Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1821NP
Availability: InStock

BL-1821NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: Cytokines, Cytokines and growth factors, Growth factors and receptors, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Activin A is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Gly311-Ser426 is expressed.
Accession	P08476
Synonym	Inhibin beta A chain; INHBA; Activin A
Gene Background	Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Activins, members of the TGF-beta superfamily, are disulfide-linked dimeric proteins originally purified from gonadal fluids as proteins that stimulated pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Activins are homodimers or heterodimers of the various beta subunit isoforms, while inhibins are heterodimers of a unique alpha subunit and one of the various beta subunits.
Molecular Mass	13 KDa
Apmol Mass	15 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 4mM HCl.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.001 ng/µg (0.01 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Biologically active. Please contact us to obtain bioactivity data.
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting.It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml.Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water.Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt.Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days.Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature.Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	TGF-beta family
Database References	HGNC: 6066 OMIM: 147290 KEGG: hsa:3624 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000242208 UniGene: Hs.28792

Gene Functions References

pro-activin A share features seen in the pro-TGF-beta1 and pro-BMP-9 structures. PMID: 27373274
Data suggest that activin A (INHBA) plays roles in inflammation, tissue repair, fibrosis, neoplastic activation of myofibroblasts, and leiomyoma development/growth. [REVIEW] PMID: 29100238
that high expression of INHBA was associated with poor response to therapy for de novo AML, and it can serve as an adverse prognostic factor for this malignancy. PMID: 28836868
Activin-A may induce fibrosis in NASH and alcoholic cirrhosis via activation of Kupffer cells to express pro-inflammatory molecules that promote HSC-dependent fibrogenesis and could be a target for future anti-fibrotic therapies. PMID: 29287776
Our study provided experimental and clinical evidence for the involvement of activin A and ALK4 in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation PMID: 28639003
INHBA gene expression in gastric cancer tissue is considered a useful independent predictor of outcomes in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. PMID: 28652421
Inhibin-B secretion and FSH isoform distribution may play an integral part of follicular selection in the natural menstrual cycle. (Review) PMID: 27756855
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the distribution of the FSHB -211 G/T in men with normal or abnormal sperm parameters from Southern Italy to assess its functional relevance on the serum levels of reproductive hormones and on sperm parameters in men. PMID: 28281143
binding of SMAD2/3, the intracellular effectors of activin signaling, was significantly enriched at the Pmepa1 gene, which encodes a negative feedback regulator of TGF-beta signaling in cancer cells, and at the Kdm6b gene, which encodes an epigenetic regulator promoting transcriptional plasticity. PMID: 26215835
analysis of a novel SMAD-independent pathway linking enhanced activin B signaling to reduced E-cadherin expression and increased migration in type II endometrial cancer PMID: 27223076
High INHBA expression is associated with lung adenocarcinoma. PMID: 26950277
activin A signaling has a role in melanoma growth and metastasis through immune evasion PMID: 28844941
These data provide evidence that eosinophils release activin A and that this function is enhanced when eosinophils are present in an allergen-induced inflammatory environment. PMID: 27001469
These results demonstrate that activin induces skin carcinogenesis via attraction and reprogramming of macrophages and identify novel activin targets involved in tumor formation. PMID: 27932444
our results defined a novel pathway in which dysregulation of the RUNX2/INHBA axis due to miR-376c downregulation fosters lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma PMID: 27760788
The activin-A to follistatin ratio may play a role in determining the clinical phenotype of preterm birth as preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes. PMID: 27159193
A screen of a human protein library identified activin A as a potent regulator of follicular helper T cells cell differentiation. PMID: 27376469
Activin A is higher in patients with steatohepatitis than both lean and obese controls PMID: 27621190
INHBA expression is significantly upregulated in human masticatory mucosa during wound healing PMID: 28005267
Activin A and preeclamptic serum upregulate ET-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, consistent with activin A contributing to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. PMID: 27155341
Data show that dedifferentiated chondrocytes can be redifferentiated following treatment with the chimeric erythroid differentiation factor (activin A)/bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) ligand AB235. PMID: 26563344
Study shows that INHBA and FST are induced by seminal fluid in cervical tissues and thus, may contribute to regulation of the post-coital response in women. PMID: 26415587
Inhibin betaA is translationally regulated by TGFbeta via hnRNP E1. PMID: 26096938
we show a role for autocrine Activin signaling in the regulation of colony formation, cell migration and invasion in Barrett's tumorigenesis. PMID: 26447543
Our study uncovers the PITX2-induced expression of TGFB1/2/3 as well as INHBA genes (p < 0.01) followed by SMAD2/3-dependent TGF-b signalling pathway in ovarian cancer cells PMID: 26298390
changes in Follistatin levels during pregnancy contribute to the control of the activin A system PMID: 25565002
Overexpression of activin A in OSCCs, which is controlled by downregulation of miR-143/miR-145 cluster, regulates apoptosis, proliferation and invasiveness, and it is clinically correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival. PMID: 26317418
Activin A inhibited signaling by BMP-6 and BMP-9 by competing for type 2 receptors ACVR2A and ACVR2B. PMID: 26047946
Data suggest that activin A [plus bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4)] strongly stimulates germ cell differentiation potential of human embryonic stem cells; this stimulation appear to depend on gene expression regulation by activin A. PMID: 25634576
Increased serum level of activin A indicates its role in the pathogenesis of asthma, particularly in underweight and overweight patients. PMID: 25729977
Data suggest that an SNP in promoter region of ACVR2A (activin A receptor type IIA; rs1424954, the pre-eclampsia susceptibility allele) down-regulates signal transduction in trophoblasts in response to excess activin-A (as seen in pre-eclampsia). PMID: 25659497
able to restore glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets from type 2 diabetic donors PMID: 25833251
our study suggests that increased circulating concentrations of ActA may contribute to the development of cachexia in cancer patients. PMID: 25751105
Low activin-A expression was correlated with the occurrence, development, metastasis and malignant degree of lung adenocarcinoma. PMID: 25796148
Data suggest that activin A (dimer of INHBA), especially in lateral hypothalamus, plays role in neuronal sensing of free amino acids, appetite regulation, and neuronal plasticity. [REVIEW] PMID: 25200295
Activin-A and -B are abundantly expressed in mesothelioma tumor tissue. PMID: 25557874
INHBA overexpression implies adverse clinical outcomes for urothelial carcinoma, justifying it is a potential prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target in UC PMID: 25488476
overexpression of INHBA in mesenchymal cells increases colony formation potential of epithelial cells, suggesting that it contributes to the dynamic reciprocity between breast mesenchymal and epithelial cells. PMID: 24916766
Activin A promoted chemotaxis, migration and proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells, and caused an increase in fibroblastic differentiation of these cells while down-regulating their osteoblastic differentiation. PMID: 24928494
High activin A signal promotes cancer progression and is involved in cachexia in a subset of pancreatic cancer. PMID: 25449777
Activin A is an anti-lymphangiogenic factor, but because of its pleiotropic effects on cell mobility it appears not suitable as a pharmacological target. PMID: 25084052
Activin A, B, and AB have similar effects on steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells; in contrast, activin AC is not biologically active and does not act as a competitive antagonist. PMID: 25062451
expression of erythroid differentiation regulator 1 was negatively correlated with the malignant potential in various skin tumors. PMID: 24168163
Endothelial cells initiate a smooth muscle cell differentiation program in adjacent adipose stromal cells via induction activin A expression. PMID: 25114097
We identified an unreported germline mutation of the INHA gene encoding the alpha-subunit, the partner of the betaA-subunit. This mutation also alters the secreted activin/inhibin ratio, by disrupting both inhibin A and inhibin B biosynthesis. PMID: 24302632
Circulating activin A levels are associated with impaired myocardial glucose metabolism and high left ventricular mass/volume ratio in men with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes, reflecting a potential detrimental role in early human diabetic cardiomyopathy. PMID: 24134550
Follistatin, by its ability to neutralize the actions of activin A may be of value as an antifibrotic for radiation induced fibrosis. PMID: 24204752
the Activin/ALK4 pathway directly recruits PTP1B and stimulates its release from the endoplasmic reticulum through ALK4-mediated cleavage. PMID: 24139759
Activin A released from EAT-T2D inhibits insulin action via the induction of miR-143 in cardiomyocytes PMID: 23812417
Overexpression of the INHBA gene is considered a useful independent predictor of outcomes in patients with gastric cancer after curative surgery. PMID: 24778035

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.