Recombinant Human Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-04635P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: Cytokines, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) Protein (His) is produced by our Yeast expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P04114
Target Symbol	APOB
Synonyms	Apo B 100; Apo B; Apo B-100; Apo B-48; Apo B100; Apo B48; ApoB 100 ; ApoB 48; APOB; APOB_HUMAN; Apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen); Apolipoprotein B 100; Apolipoprotein B 48; Apolipoprotein B; Apolipoprotein B-48; Apolipoprotein B100; Apolipoprotein B48; FLDB; LDLCQ4
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	Yeast
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	EEEMLENVSLVCPKDATRFKHLRKYTYNYEAESSSGVPGTADSRSATRINCKVELEVPQLCSFILKTSQCTLKEVYGFNPEGKALLKKTKNSEEFAAAMS
Expression Range	28-127aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	13.2kDa
Research Area	Cardiovascular
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Apolipoprotein B is a major protein constituent of chylomicrons (apo B-48), LDL (apo B-100) and VLDL (apo B-100). Apo B-100 functions as a recognition signal for the cellular binding and internalization of LDL particles by the apoB/E receptor.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm. Secreted. Lipid droplet.
Database References	HGNC: 603 OMIM: 107730 KEGG: hsa:338 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000233242 UniGene: Hs.120759
Associated Diseases	Hypobetalipoproteinemia, familial, 1 (FHBL1); Familial ligand-defective apolipoprotein B-100 (FDB)

Gene Functions References

Authors performed an analysis of public databases and literature for every variant published associated with FH, in the genes LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9. PMID: 29261184
Targeted next generation DNA sequencing revealed several rare heterozygous missense variants in both MTTP and APOB genes known or predicted to be deleterious, in addition to a novel heterozygous missense variant in SAR1B, which encodes the gene causing chylomicron retention disease PMID: 29540175
Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs693 and rs6725189 of the apoB gene are associated with calcific aortic stenosis in Chinese subjects, in Xinjiang, China. PMID: 29514644
In conclusion, this study demonstrated that an APOB SNP, rs1042034, is closely associated with HCV infection through lipid metabolism alteration. PMID: 29382324
APOB rs11279109 is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease in Kuwaiti population. PMID: 29362515
The simultaneous retention of fibrinogen and APOB-lipoproteins in FSD can be detected in routinely stained histological sections. The analysis of protein structures unraveled the pathomorphogenesis of this unexpected phenomenon. Fibrinogen gamma chain mutations provoke conformational changes in the region of the globular domain involved in the "end-to-end" interaction, thus impairing the D-dimer formation PMID: 29244742
APOB polymorphism rs679899 is associated with type 2 diabetes and glutamyl transpeptidase levels, while the LIPC polymorphism rs6083 may influence plasma lipid levels in Chinese Han population. PMID: 29883758
We present a case of homozygous familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 due to APOB R3500Q (rs5742904) treated with evolocumab ..Identification of a patient homozygous for familial defective apolipoprotein B-100(FDB) and successful treatment with PCSK9 inhibition PMID: 28988723
Increased LDL levels were observed over time in patients with the -7673G>A polymorphism of the ApoB gene. PMID: 29846435
Review/Meta-analysis: significant association of APOB rs1801701 GA, and APOB rs1042031 GA with increased risk of ischemic stroke. PMID: 28865324
Serum apoB/A-I ratio appears to have value for predicting SAP in patients with AP. PMID: 28677336
Apolipoprotein B is associated with carotid atherosclerosis progression PMID: 28826575
Results show differences in the apoB100 secondary structure content among lipoproteins incubated at pH 7.4 or at pH 5.0 that could resemble those occurring in the early or late endosomes, respectively. PMID: 27824107
Elevated serum apoB levels independently predict an increased risk for incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PMID: 28106941
This study shows that the ApoB-516C/T promoter gene polymorphism has no impact on the risk of hepatitis C virus infection. However, the C/T genotype may be a protective factor for females. PMID: 28370191
association of TM6SF2 rs58542926 genotype with increased serum tyrosine levels and decreased apoB-100 particles in Finns PMID: 28539357
that apos involved in TG metabolism such as apoC2, C3, E, and A4 (micromolar concentration), and apoB48 and apoA5 (single-digit nanomolar concentration) can be quantified from a single digestion mixture. PMID: 24694356
These findings indicate that maternal apo B levels are significantly associated with apo B levels in their pre-school age children, adjusted for confounding variables. Furthermore, the mother-child correlations in apo B levels were independent of mother-child adiposity. Measurement of apo B levels in mothers may identify both high-risk children and mothers who may benefit from intervention. PMID: 28799493
Individuals with apoB higher than predicted by non-HDL-C had significantly higher levels of PAI-1, which may contribute to the increased risk of future atherothrombotic events PMID: 28502501
analysis of five likely pathogenic heterozygous rare variants that include four novel nonsense mutations in APOB (p.Gln845*, p.Gln2571*, p.Cys2933* and p.Ser3718*) and a rare variant in PCSK9 (Minor Allele Frequency <0.1%). PMID: 27179706
In this sample of older adults with mild cognitive impairment, the presence of at least one copy of ApoE4 was associated with the development of both increased gait variability and cognitive decline during 1 year of follow-up PMID: 28482102
The impact of smoking on the levels of apolipoprotein B (APOB) was evaluated by analyzing data from NHANES for the years 2007-2012 for US adolescents aged 12-19 years and adults aged greater than or eqult to 20 years. The study found that smoking did not influence the observed levels of APOB for either adolescents or adults. PMID: 28672200
Identify LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 novel mutations causing familial hypercholesterolemia in the central south region of China. PMID: 28235710
Rare variants of APOB or PCSK9 were identified in nine of the 22 study patients with extremely low LDL-C levels PMID: 29036232
Eicosapentaenoic acid has direct antioxidant benefits in various apoB-containing subfractions. PMID: 26945158
Association of plasma apoB with IR in obese subjects is dependent on gynoid WAT dysfunction PMID: 28391908
Serum ApoB was not significantly different between term SGA newborns and control term newborns. PMID: 28304324
APOB associated with Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome , age /=160 mg/dl. PMID: 28958330
we identified common intronic SNPs (rs676210 and rs1042034) in the APOB gene and found five SNPs that were collectively associated with hyperlipidemia in the adult Chinese Yugur population. Importantly, we demonstrated that the G allele of rs676210 may confer an increased risk of hyperlipidemia. PMID: 28902930
APOB missense variants, A224T and V925L, in a black South African woman with marked hypocholesterolemia PMID: 27206948
male gender, ageing in women and menopause were associated with increased apoB concentrations. PMID: 27086565
Data provide no evidence supporting an association between the APOB R3527Q variant and type 2 diabetes or glycemia. PMID: 28428224
Levels of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], a complex between an LDL-like lipid moiety containing one copy of apoB, and apo(a), a plasminogen-derived carbohydrate-rich hydrophilic protein, are primarily genetically rIncreasing evidence suggests that age, sex, and hormonal impact may have a modest modulatory influence on Lp(a) levels. Among clinical conditions, Lp(a) levels are reported to be affected by kidney and liver diseases. PMID: 26637279
Data suggest that amphipathic beta-strands in 200 N-terminal residues of beta1 domain of APOB are required for secretion of lipid-rich or lipid-poor particles; residues 300-700 or 1050-1500 of beta1 domain appear to be required for secretion of lipid-rich particles; MTTP is required for secretion of intact APOB but not of truncated APOB. (APOB = apolipoprotein B; MTTP = microsomal triglyceride transfer protein) PMID: 28702990
Basal apoB secretion by BeWo cells supports the concept of basal lipoprotein particle secretion by placental syncytiotrophoblast. PMID: 28487135
ApoB EcoRI confers a moderate risk for coronary heart disease and the E(-) allele at this locus might be a susceptibility allele for the development of disease (Meta-Analysis) PMID: 27637205
APOB single nucleotide polymorphism and it's association with LDL cholesterol level and risk of coronary heart disease in Pakistani population PMID: 27112212
High apoB48 concentration is associated with Atherosclerotic Lesion Progression. PMID: 27487947
Autoantibodies to oxidized lipoproteins and immune complexes with apoB-100 lipoproteins vary significantly by sex, age, and ethnicity. Higher baseline IgG MDA-LDL titers independently associate with new major adverse cardiovascular events. PMID: 28473443
miR-548p regulates apoB secretion by targeting its mRNA degradation. PMID: 28336556
Adolescent girls with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome have elevated fasting and postprandial plasma triglycerides and ApoB-lipoprotein remnants. PMID: 27997268
the associations of rs693 and rs562338 polymorphisms representing the Apolipoprotein B locus with endophenotypes (total cholesterol [TC] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and phenotypes, were examined. PMID: 27683205
ApoB100 is indispensable for HCV infection. ApoB is required for the generation of fully infectious HCV virions. PMID: 28018102
a higher inflammatory status is associated with decreased triglyceride-rich-rich lipoprotein apoB-48 secretion among insulin resistant subjects PMID: 28183448
Several protein markers were also deregulated in extracellular vesicless from bladder tumour patients, and our data suggest that the presence of ApoB in the 100,000 pellet is a clear marker for malignancy. PMID: 27751843
10 association studies for Han Chinese, with 1195 CHD patients and 1178 healthy subjects, we found that XbaI (rs693) polymorphisms in APOB were statistically significantly associated with Coronary Heart Disease in Han Chinese population PMID: 27172140
We observed a significant interaction between Ins/Del ApoB genotype and dietary omega-3 PUFA intake with respect to BMI, WC, and obesity risk in both unadjusted (P = 0.007, P = 0.001, and P = 0.021, respectively) and adjusted (P = 0.007, P = 0.04, and P = 0.002, respectively) samples in NIDDM patients. PMID: 27210509
Multiple novel LDLR and ApoB mutations have been identified in a-United Kingdom-based cohort with familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID: 26748104
Data suggest that LDL-C/apoB ratio (ratio of plasma level of total cholesterol to plasma level of apolipoprotein B) is an important biomarker in overall evaluation of atherogenicity in obese, overweight, and normal-weight men; this study of qualitative changes in lipid/lipoprotein profile for early diagnosis of dyslipidemias leading to atherosclerosis was conducted in Russia. PMID: 27347637
Mutations in APOB is associated with hypobetalipoproteinemia. PMID: 26916057

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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