Recombinant Human Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 (APAF1) Protein (His-B2M)

Name: Recombinant Human Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 (APAF1) Protein (His-B2M)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-07785P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: Fc receptors, Other recombinant proteins, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 (APAF1) Protein (His-B2M) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	O14727
Target Symbol	APAF1
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-B2M
Target Protein Sequence	SGITSYVRTVLCEGGVPQRPVVFVTRKKLVNAIQQKLSKLKGEPGWVTIHGMAGCGKSVLAAEAVRDHSLLEGCFPGGVHWVSVGKQDKSGLLMKLQNLCTRLDQDESFSQRLPLNIEEAKDRLRILMLRKHPRSLLILDDVWDSWVLKAFDSQCQILLTTRDKSVTDSVMGPKYVVPVESSLGKEKGLEILSLFVNMKKADLPEQAHSIIKECKGSPLVVSLIGALLRDFPNRWEYYLKQLQNKQFKRIRKSSSYDYEALDEAMSISVEMLREDIKDYYTDLSILQKDVKVPTKVLCILWDMETEEVEDIL
Expression Range	104-415aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	52.4 kDa
Research Area	Cancer
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Oligomeric Apaf-1 mediates the cytochrome c-dependent autocatalytic activation of pro-caspase-9 (Apaf-3), leading to the activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis. This activation requires ATP. Isoform 6 is less effective in inducing apoptosis.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm.
Database References	HGNC: 576 OMIM: 602233 KEGG: hsa:317 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000448165 UniGene: Hs.552567
Tissue Specificity	Ubiquitous. Highest levels of expression in adult spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes, and in fetal brain, kidney and lung. Isoform 1 is expressed in heart, kidney and liver.

Gene Functions References

APAF1 mutations cause recurrent folate-resistant neural tube defects. PMID: 29358613
Study suggests a potential underlying molecular mechanism of apoptosis inhibition via APAF1 downregulation in human neuroblastoma BE(2)C cells with miRNA36133p overexpression. PMID: 30066861
Down-regulation of Apaf-1 protein and the overexpression of Cyclin D1 and AQP-5 proteins possibly contribute to an aggressive serous ovarian carcinoma with a high risk of recurrence and poor response to the first-line chemotherapy. PMID: 30072015
Results suggest that low levels of Apaf-1 as an adaptor protein might be considered as a possible regulatory barrier by which differentiating cells control cell death upon rise in ROS production and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. PMID: 29395479
APAF-1 was found to be reduced in non-small-cell lung cancer tissue samples along with high expression of miR-484. PMID: 28982084
miR-300 regulates the cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation through targeting p53 and apaf1 in lung cancer cells. PMID: 28895780
we sought to investigate mechanisms mediated by Hsp70 acetylation in relation to apoptotic and autophagic programmed cell death. Upon stress-induced apoptosis, Hsp70 acetylation inhibits apoptotic cell death, mediated by Hsp70 association with apoptotic protease-activating factor (Apaf)-1 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), key modulators of caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways, respectively PMID: 28627586
Knockdown of microRNA-27a increased the expression level of Apaf-1, enhancing the formation of Apaf-1-caspase-9 complex and subsequently promoting the TRAIL-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer stem cells. Findings suggested that knockdown of microRNA-27a in colorectal cancer stem cells by the specific antioligonucleotides was potential to reverse the chemoresistance to TRAIL. PMID: 28423356
Results indicate that the apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) apoptosome activates caspase-9 in part through sequestration of the inhibitory caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) domain. PMID: 28143931
Authors found significant up-regulation of miR-221 and significant down-regulation of Apaf-1 expression in LSCC tissues compared to normal nearby laryngeal tissues. Significant associations between up-regulated miR-221 and down-regulated Apaf-1 expressions and clinical stage and lymph node (LN) metastasis were found. PMID: 28453462
A significant correlation between changes in the levels of expression and methylation was detected for the three apoptosis-regulatory genes (APAF1, DAPK1, and BCL2). The results suggest that methylation play an important role in the regulation of the apoptosis system genes in breast cancer. PMID: 28429233
Primary cells derived from patients with diffuse large B cell lymphomas show membrane raft sequestration of the apoptosome adaptor protein, Apaf-1, which may mediate drug resistance. PMID: 27863378
Loss of APAF-1 expression is associated with early recurrence in stage I-III colorectal cancer, suggesting that APAF-1 may have clinical value as a predictive marker of early recurrence. PMID: 27480415
the markers Ets-1 and APAF-1 relative to p53, Ki-67 and PTEN expression in colon adenomas/polyps, were investigated. PMID: 26743285
Different selenium concentrations had varying effects on BAK1 and APAF1 levels. APAF1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of KBD PMID: 26179084
miR21 is transferred from cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) and fibroblasts (CAFs) to the cancer cells, where it suppresses ovarian cancer apoptosis and confers chemoresistance by binding to its direct novel target, APAF1. PMID: 27021436
HDAC inhibitors can induce p53 acetylation at lysine 120, which in turn enhances mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis through transcriptional up-regulation of Apaf-1. PMID: 26851285
Renal APAF1 expression is increased in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. PMID: 27141571
Inhibition of Caspase-9 restricted, while Apaf-1 promoted, Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in HEp-2, HeLa, and mouse epithelial fibroblast (MEF) cells. PMID: 26290316
These results suggest that CED-4 forms a complex with ced-3 mRNA and delivers it to ribosomes for translation. PMID: 26740177
The auto-assembly of truncated Apaf1 molecules disappeared after several hours without any enzyme activation. PMID: 25895636
cytochrome c and the WD domains of Apaf-1 interact, with bifurcated salt bridges involved in apoptosome assembly PMID: 26014357
NF-kappaB response element, located close to the p53RE#1, mediates APAF1 transcriptional repression by affecting interaction between KAISO and p53 PMID: 26183023
This study suggested that miR-23a, acting as an oncogenic regulator by directly targeting APAF1 in pancreatic cancer, is a useful potential biomarker in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. PMID: 25701323
Our results indicate that the APAF1, BAX, and FLASH genes not only harbor frameshift mutations but also demonstrate mutational ITH, which together might play a role in the tumorigenesis of CRC with MSI-H by affecting the apoptosis of cancer cells. PMID: 25599959
a role for Apaf1 at the mitochondria PMID: 24416260
APAF-1 plays an important role in iron-induced erythroid apoptosis increase in myelodysplastic syndrome PMID: 24142530
The inhibitory effect of Ab42 on the apoptotic pathway is associated with its interaction with procaspase-9 and consequent inhibition of Apaf-1 apoptosome assembly PMID: 24424093
Apoptosis of HGC-27 cells induced by oridonin may be associated with differential expression of Apaf-1, caspase-3 and cytochrome c, which are highly dependent upon the mitochondrial pathway PMID: 23326121
Amiloride modulates glioblastoma multiforme cell radiosensitivity involving the Akt phosphorylation and the alternative splicing of APAF1. PMID: 23822711
Apaf-1 conformational changes during apoptosome assembly. PMID: 23521171
Data indicate that the formation of cytochrome c-Apaf-1 apoptosome and the presence of Smac are absolutely required for PSAP-induced apoptosis. PMID: 23207240
Both the silencing of miR-155 and the overexpression Apaf-1 greatly increased the sensitivity of A549 cells to cisplatin. PMID: 22996741
The 5' untranslated region of Apaf-1 mRNA directs translation under apoptosis conditions via a 5' end-dependent scanning mechanism. PMID: 23085065
Curcumin treatment of cancer cells led to Apaf-1 upregulation both at the protein and mRNA levels. Deficiency of Apaf-1 inhibits caspase activation and cell death. PMID: 22101335
APAF-1, DAPK-1 and SPARC may have a role in progression and higher tumor stage of renal cell carcinoma in North Indian population PMID: 21922274
Collectively, these results identify a novel locus of apoptosomal regulation wherein MAPK signalling promotes Rsk-catalysed Apaf-1 phosphorylation and consequent binding of 14-3-3varepsilon, resulting in decreased cellular responsiveness to cytochrome c. PMID: 22246185
These results suggest that, in addition to the classical cytochrome c/Apaf-1-dependent pathway of caspase-9 activation, staurosporine can induce caspase-9 activation and apoptosis independently of the apoptosome. PMID: 21659556
Results show a significant inverse correlation between GLUT1 expression and Apaf-1 expression in colorectal adenocarcinomas, and patients with GLUT1 expression demonstrate poor overall survival. PMID: 21528061
in the absence of nucleotide such as ATP, direct association of procaspase-9 with Apaf-1 leads to defective molecular timer, and thus, inhibits apoptosome-mediated caspase activation PMID: 21297999
Expression of Apaf-1 was up-regulated in MCF-7 cells treated with 5-Aza-CdR. PMID: 19662370
Hypermethylation of APAF1 gene is associated with neuroblastoma. PMID: 21104989
higher expression of APAF-1 is related to an undifferentiated state in the testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) pathway. PMID: 20977544
APAF-1 expression was significantly higher in low-risk, compared to high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, according to IPSS (P < 0.0001), FAB (P = 0.0265), and cytogenetic risk (P = 0.0134). PMID: 20345447
results show that the APAF1 variants associated with risk for MDD in the Utah pedigrees are very rare in Northern European and European-American populations PMID: 19455599
Studies suggest that the apoptosome contains a 1:1 Apaf-1:caspase-9 stoichiometry. PMID: 19809088
A drug targeting Apaf-1 allows protection from apoptosis as well as regeneration in the course of inflammation-induced tissue injury PMID: 19675677
Apaf1 WD40 repeat domains form propellar-like structures that are important for procaspase 9 binding to the CARD domain. PMID: 11864614
lack of role in caspase-9 activation in Sendai virus-infected cells PMID: 12021264
APAF-1 is under transcriptional regulation of E2F-1 and initiates a caspase cascade PMID: 12149244

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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