Recombinant Human BAFF Protein (Fc Tag)

Name: Recombinant Human BAFF Protein (Fc Tag)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLPSN-0347
Availability: InStock

Collections: Antibody / cell therapy targets, Antibody therapeutic / adc target proteins, Cytokines and growth factors, Recombinant proteins, Tumor necrosis factors and receptors (tnfs)

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Product Overview

Tag	Fc
Host Species	Human
Accession	Q9Y275
Synonym	BAFF, BLYS, CD257, DTL, TALL-1, TALL1, THANK, TNFSF20, ZTNF4
Background	B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), also known as TNFSF13B, CD257 and BAFF, is single-pass type II membrane protein, which belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family. BAFF is abundantly expressed in peripheral blood Leukocytes and is specifically expressed in monocytes and macrophages. BAFF is a cytokine and serves as a ligand for receptors TNFRSF13B (TACI), TNFRSF17 (BCMA), and TNFRSF13C (BAFFR). These receptors is a prominent factor in B cell differentiation, homeostasis, and selection. BLyS levels affect survival signals and selective apoptosis of autoantibody-producing B cells. Thus, it acts as a potent B cell activator and has been shown to play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells. Overexpression of BLyS in mice can lead to clinical and serological features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and SjÖgren's syndrome (SS). BLyS as an attractive therapeutic target in human rheumatic diseases. The ability of BLyS to regulate both the size and repertoire of the peripheral B cell compartment raises the possibility that BLyS and antagonists thereof may form the basis of a therapeutic trichotomy. As an agonist, BLyS protein may enhance humoral immunity in congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies such as those resulting from viral infection or cancer therapy.Immune CheckpointImmunotherapyCancer ImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy
Description	A DNA sequence encoding the soluble form of human BAFF (Q9Y275-1) (Ala 134-Leu 285) was fused with the Fc region of human IgG1 at the N-terminus.
Source	HEK293
Predicted N Terminal	Glu 20
AA Sequence	Ala 134-Leu 285
Molecular Weight	The recombinant human BAFF/Fc is a disulfide-linked homodimeric protein. The reduced monomer consists of 389 a.a. and has a predicted molecular mass of 43.7 kDa. In SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, the apparent molecular mass of rhBAFF/Fc monomer is approximately 48-55 kDa due to glycosylation.
Purity	>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Bioactivity	1. Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized recombinant human BAFF at 1 ug/mL (100 ul/well) can bind human TNFRSF17. The EC50 of human TNFRSF17 is 0.07 ug/mL.2. Measured in a cell proliferation assay in mouse splenocytes. The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.6-3.2 ng/mL.
Formulation	Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4.
Stability	The recombinant proteins are stable for up to 1 year from date of receipt at -70°C.
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Store the protein under sterile conditions at -20°C to -80°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF13B/TACI and TNFRSF17/BCMA. TNFSF13/APRIL binds to the same 2 receptors. Together, they form a 2 ligands -2 receptors pathway involved in the stimulation of B- and T-cell function and the regulation of humoral immunity. A third B-cell specific BAFF-receptor (BAFFR/BR3) promotes the survival of mature B-cells and the B-cell response.; Isoform 2 seems to inhibit isoform 1 secretion and bioactivity.; Acts as a transcription factor for its own parent gene, in association with NF-kappa-B p50 subunit, at least in autoimmune and proliferative B-cell diseases. The presence of Delta4BAFF is essential for soluble BAFF release by IFNG/IFN-gamma-stimulated monocytes and for B-cell survival. It can directly or indirectly regulate the differential expression of a large number of genes involved in the innate immune response and the regulation of apoptosis.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.; [Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13b, soluble form]: Secreted.
Protein Families	Tumor necrosis factor family
Database References	HGNC: 11929 OMIM: 603969 KEGG: hsa:10673 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000365048 UniGene: Hs.525157
Tissue Specificity	Abundantly expressed in peripheral blood Leukocytes and is specifically expressed in monocytes and macrophages. Also found in the spleen, lymph node, bone marrow, T-cells and dendritic cells. A lower expression seen in placenta, heart, lung, fetal liver,

Gene Functions References

BAFF loop region controls B cell survival and regulates recognition by different inhibitors PMID: 29572442
analysis of how BAFF is neutralized by belimumab gives insight into treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus PMID: 29572471
Study uncovers a previously unrecognized regulation of BAFF by testosterone and raises important questions about BAFF in testosterone-mediated protection against autoimmunity. Among healthy men, serum BAFF levels are higher in men with low testosterone. PMID: 29802242
High BAFF expression is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID: 28992184
Co-immunoprecipitation analysis and siRNA-mediated suppression of CREB expression indicated that phospho-CREB has a positive effect on pro-inflammatory gene expression in the crosstalk between BAFF- and TLR4-mediated signaling by forming trimeric complexes containing NF-kappaB, CBP, and CREB PMID: 28374824
this study shows that BAFF augments IgA2 and IL-10 production by TLR7/8 stimulated total peripheral blood B cells PMID: 28921509
elevated pretransplant serum BAFF levels negatively affect renal allograft survival and represent a risk factor for allosensitization and subsequent antibody-mediated rejection PMID: 29277566
Increased BAFF expression is associated with B cell class switching in patients with tuberculous pleural effusion. PMID: 29845274
Expression patterns of BAFF and its receptors differ according to lupus nephritis class. PMID: 29087261
Serum BAFF levels are elevated in idiopathic inflammatory myositis, more so in children. PMID: 29516280
Post-transplant antibody mediated rejection in kidney transplantation recipients can be predicted by perioperative elevations in serum BAFF level. PMID: 27888573
The results of the present study revealed a correlation between BAFF and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and it is hypothesized that they are involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis PMID: 28849060
The results suggest that increased levels of BAFF and APRIL produced in the central nervous system may influence the development of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-hypertrophic pachymeningitis. PMID: 28847534
Blood B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS)/BAFF levels of HIV-uninfected commercial sex workers (CSWs) were lower than those observed in both HIV-infected CSW and HIV-uninfected non-CSW groups. PMID: 27561453
our study throws light on the crosstalk between BAFF and BCR signaling pathways in neoplastic B cells, and provides insights into the mechanistic effects of SYK inhibitors in CLL. PMID: 28838991
genetic polymorphisms of BAFF may increase the risk of posttransplant development of donor specific antibodies in kidney allograft recipients PMID: 28624489
P\pre-sensitized patients had significantly higher BAFF levels before transplantation and suffered significantly more often from early steroid-resistant, mainly antibody-mediated rejections PMID: 28867309
Elevated blood BAFF levels could be associated with a more stable disease. PMID: 27383531
BAFF rs9514828 polymorphism may be associated with the chronic hepatitis and the combinatorial action of rs9514828 and rs12583006 may confer susceptibility to chronic HBV infection and the resolution of the infection, suggesting that host genetic factors associated with B cell mediated immune responses are involved in chronic HBV infection. PMID: 28627389
This study demonstrated that An Increase of Cerebrospinal Fluid B-cell Activating Factor Level in Pediatric Patients With Acute Viral Encephalitis. PMID: 28259511
data show that BAFF levels at the time of cGvHD diagnosis are associated with non-relapse-mortality, and also are potentially useful for risk stratification. PMID: 28481353
BAFF-R was consistently expressed on B cells infected by HCMV. Enhancement of BAFF/BAFF-R signaling decreased the apoptosis rate and extended the survival of B cells. PMID: 28442365
soluble BCMA sequesters circulating BAFF, thereby preventing it from performing its signaling to stimulate normal B-cell and plasma cell development, resulting in reduced polyclonal antibody levels in multiple myeloma patients. PMID: 26960399
up-regulated expression in intractable temporal lobe epilepsy PMID: 28441631
results showed that serum BAFF in nasal type, extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma patients was significantly higher than that in control group and negatively correlated with patients' survival. PMID: 27668971
BAFF has a role in inducing IL35 production by regulatory B cells in lupus PMID: 28844943
Inhibition of ADAM10 augments BAFF-dependent survival of primary human B cells, whereas inhibition of ADAM17 increases BAFFR expression levels PMID: 28249164
Data presented show that B-cell activating factor (BAFF) plays a central role in the induction and maintenance of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary antinuclear antibodies and suggest a therapeutic potential for BAFF blockade in limiting autoimmune processes associated with smoking. PMID: 28039405
Among the BAFF receptors in a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, the AA have shown, by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of median fluorescence intensity (MFI), that transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) do not change PMID: 28834574
The BAFF promoter increased in response to TNF-alpha treatment or overexpression of HIF-1alpha. However, TNF-alpha-induced BAFF expression and promoter activity decreased after treatment with the ERK inhibitor PD98059. PMID: 28383556
This study indicates that orbital fibroblasts from Graves' orbitopathy can express BAFF and mediate the intraorbital survival of B cells via BAFF mechanism. PMID: 28087387
Rapamycin attenuates excessive hsBAFF-induced cell proliferation/survival via blocking mTORC1/2 signaling in normal and neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. PMID: 28300280
Inhibition of B cell plasmablast differentiation by reduction of Aiolos and Ikaros may have utility in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus , where elevated levels of BAFF and Aiolos may prime CD27(+) memory and double negative memory-like B cells to become Ab-producing plasmablasts in the presence of BAFF and proinflammatory cytokines. PMID: 28848067
BCMA has other contributors for ligands binding except DxL motif. The affinity of BCMA for APRIL higher than for BAFF may be caused by the segment outside of the conservative DxL motif. Moreover, the exposition of new binding modes of BCMA2 interacting with APRIL may establish the foundation of designing novel drugs in the future PMID: 28260502
study demonstrated a high prevalence of endogenous antibodies to BAFF in a multi-ethnic Asian systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cohort; while levels of serum BAFF correlated positively with disease activity, levels of anti-BAFF antibody were correlated negatively with levels of its target cytokine, anti-dsDNA antibody and clinical disease activity PMID: 28388832
this study provides new useful information about the increased levels of BAFF observed during HIV-1 infection and highlights the importance of macrophages as a source of BAFF PMID: 27022194
The novel association between BAFF and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) seems to identify that BAFF might regulate the inflammatory process in these diseases and it appears to be a potential marker of IBD. PMID: 27056038
In BAFF, rs2893321 may be a susceptible genetic variant for the development of GD and AITDs. Associations of rs2893321 with susceptibility to GD and AITDs and the correlation between rs2893321 and TAb exhibit a dimorphic pattern. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm our findings. PMID: 27136204
BAFF and IL-17A are associated with different subphenotypes of primary Sjogren's syndrome. PMID: 25941062
The expression levels of serum BAFF and the three receptors (TACI, BCMA and BAFF-R) in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls. PMID: 28028945
Plasma BAFF levels were positively associated with serum creatinine, proteinuria, uric acid and group A Streptococcus infection index in patients with IgA nephropathy. PMID: 28260100
this study shows that chicoric acid suppresses BAFF expression by inhibiting NF-kappaB activity, and chicoric acid may serve as a novel therapeutic agent to down-regulate excessive BAFF expression in autoimmune diseases PMID: 28122293
Findings indicate that BAFF expression is significantly increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients and may orchestrate inflammatory load in polyp tissues by regulating T and B cell-mediated response. PMID: 28035475
Urinary APRIL (uAPRIL) and BAFF (uBAFF) levels were raised significantly in AN. PMID: 27804111
BAFF levels are lower in patients with antibody-mediated kidney rejection and also in patients with concurrent humoral and cellular rejection compared with patients without rejection PMID: 28083608
The BLyS level is increased in some lupus patients. There was a moderate correlation with titers of anti-DNA antibody and disease activity. PMID: 27100979
In Sjogren's syndrome (SS) patients, EULAR Sjogren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) is negatively associated with serum levels of 25(OH)-D3 and positively associated with BAFF. PMID: 28074193
These results suggest that miR-202 functions as a modulator that can negatively regulate BAFF by inhibiting multiple myeloma tumor cell survival, growth, and adhesion in the bone marrow microenvironment. PMID: 25971527
Variants in BAFF gene is associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID: 27468724
The results demonstrated that BAFF has an important role in the pathogenesis of newly diagnosed childhood immune thrombocytopenia. PMID: 24911453

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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