Recombinant Human Beta-Defensin 1 / DEFB1 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human Beta-Defensin 1 / DEFB1 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1234SG
Availability: InStock

Collections: Cytokines and growth factors, Growth factors and receptors, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Tag	N/A
Host Species	Human
Accession	P60022
Synonym	Defensin, beta 1, DEFB1, BD-1, hBD-1.
Background	Defensins are a large family of peptides of which two groups exist in mammals: alpha defensins and beta defensins - which are distinguishable by the spacing and connectivity of the conserved cysteine residues within the mature peptides. It is thought that the function of defensins in the eradication of pathogens from the host system is to insert themselves into the bacterial membrane under the influence of membrane potential, in doing so form channels which lead to leakage of cytoplasmic molecules and cell death. Human beta-defensin-1, which has 36 amino acids, was originally isolated from hemofiltrates of patients with advanced renal failure. The BD-1 gene is expressed mainly in the urogenital tract and, to a lesser degree, in trachea and lung, BD-1 is believed to function in the antimicrobial defense of the urogenital and respiratory tracts.
Description	Recombinant Human Beta-Defensin 1 (DEFB1) was produced in E. coli. This protein is purified with our unique purification methods.
Source	E.coli
Molecular Weight	4.2 kDa
Purity	For specific purity information on a given lot, see related COA.
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Formulation	Recombinant protein is supplied in 50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50mM NaCl, 10mM Glutathione, 0.25mM DTT, 0.1mM EDTA, 0.1mM PMSF and 25% glycerol.
Stability	The recombinant protein is stable for up to 12 months at -70°C
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Recombinant Human Beta-Defensin 1 / DEFB1 Protein should be stored should be stored at < -70°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Has bactericidal activity. May act as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR6. Positively regulates the sperm motility and bactericidal activity in a CCR6-dependent manner. Binds to CCR6 and triggers Ca2+ mobilization in the sperm which is important for its motility.
Subcellular Location	Secreted. Membrane.
Protein Families	Beta-defensin family
Database References	HGNC: 2766 OMIM: 602056 KEGG: hsa:1672 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000297439 UniGene: Hs.32949
Tissue Specificity	Blood plasma. Sperm. Highly expressed in the lower head and midpiece of sperm. Significantly reduced levels found in the sperms of asthenozoospermia and leukocytospermia patients (at protein level).

Gene Functions References

The allelic distribution of the polymorphism rs12355840 in miRNA202 was associated with caries experience in the Brazilian Manaus group. In the Ribeirao Preto group, the allelic and genotypic distributions in the polymorphism rs11362 in DEFB1 were associated with caries experience. PMID: 29727722
These studies identified SNPs that were cis-eQTLs for DEFB1 and AHR and, which were associated with variation in plasma KYN concentrations that were related to severity of major depressive disordersymptoms. PMID: 29317604
a considerable connection of DEFB1 and TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms with nephrolithiasis PMID: 29959006
identification of critical promoter regions of DEFB1 that are epigenetically influenced by lactobacilli in vaginal keratinocytes PMID: 28508168
Endometrial tissues and epithelial cells constitutively secreted both BD-1 and -2 mostly at the apical compartment. Both genistein and daidzein induced BDs secretion which reached a peak at 5-15 min. The apical secretion of BDs was coincidence with increased Cl- secretion induced by genistein. PMID: 29905453
The polymorphisms in DEFB1 were not associated with hBD salivary level and caries experience (p > 0.05) in children. PMID: 28343232
These findings suggest a role for hBD-1 in psoriasis pathogenesis PMID: 28067065
Significant associations were found between periodontitis and g. -20G> A (rs11362) and g. -44C> G (rs1800972) SNPs in DEFB1 gene as well as p.Ala29Thr (rs1126477) and p.Lys47Arg (rs1126478) SNPs in LTF gene. PMID: 28485077
hBD-1 potentiates the induction of in vitro osteoclastogenesis by RANKL via enhanced phosphorylation of the p44/42 MAPKs. PMID: 28709835
findings lead us to hypothesize an involvement of hBD-1 mediated innate immunity in the modulation of the susceptibility towards adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy development. PMID: 29501294
Two DEFB1 SNPs were significantly associated with the DMFT(decayed, missing, filled teeth) index. PMID: 27846636
Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hBD-1 basal cell loss (>/=20% of prostatic glands in total cores) is an independent factor for predicting prostatic adenocarcinoma (odds ratio: 4.739, confidence interval: 1.093-20.554, p = 0.038). hBD-1 loss of basal cells is a useful indicator to identify extremely high-risk patients with initially negative biopsy. PMID: 28885732
It was concluded that bile acids can differentially regulate colonic epithelial beta-defensin expression and secretion; the authors discuss the implications for intestinal health and disease.- PMID: 28487283
data provide important insight into the in vivo kinetics of HBD expression, the mechanism of HBD1 induction by HIV-1, and the role of HBDs in the early innate response to HIV-1 during acute infection PMID: 28253319
CpG methylation frequencies in the DEFB1 low CpG-content promoter were significantly higher in the prostate malignant tissues than in adjacent benign tissues. PMID: 27835705
DEFB1 - genotypes were correlated with the hBD-1 salivary concentration. PMID: 27770642
Coding missense and nonsense single nucleotide polymorphisms result in less active HBD1 antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. PMID: 27160989
A significant difference was found between the levels of staining of TLR-2, TLR-4 and hBD-1 in different lesions from the epidermis, inflammation region, dermis and skin appendages (p < 0.05) in patients with acne vulgaris. PMID: 26695933
Expression of hBD-1, hBD-2, hBD-3, and hBD-4 in healthy and chronic periodontitis gingiva. PMID: 26874342
The -44 CC genotype of the beta-defensin-1 gene (DEFB1 rs1800972) may be associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in Japanese. PMID: 24276427
No clear association was found between the DEFB1 polymorphisms and tuberculosis. PMID: 26991287
DEFB1 polymorphisms alone may not influence pathology susceptibility, however they could possibly concur, together with other factors involved in the genetic control of innate immune system, in the predisposition towards recurrent tonsillitis PMID: 26968045
beta-defensin-1 production is dysregulated in the epithelium of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease PMID: 26568662
dental plaque amount, lactobacilli count, age, and saliva buffer capacity, as well as DEFB1 gene polymorphism, explained a total of 87.8% of variations in DMFT scores. PMID: 26377569
Our meta-analysis provides evidence that DEFB1 genetic polymorphisms rs11362G>A, rs1800972C>G and rs1799946G>A are important contributing factors to the development of digestive diseases PMID: 26232989
Association of infectious pathology of upper respiratory tract and development of periodontitis diseases with markers in DEFB1 (-44G/C) and TLR2 Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp genes was determined. PMID: 27029120
Genotypes and alleles of the DEFB1 gene found in long-living individuals can be considered as the factors that increase the probability of longevity and favorable course of age-related diseases. PMID: 26028230
there is a significant link between innate immunity deregulation through disruption of cationic peptides (hBDs) and the potential development of colon cancer. PMID: 26038828
Possible association between DEFB1 polymorphisms and in vivo salivary levels of hBD-1 in an Italian population of 40 healthy individuals, finding a genotype-related different expression with two of these polymorphisms: -52G > A and -44C > G. PMID: 25939140
We found that RNA interference-induced Caspase-12 silencing increased NOD1, hBD1 and hBD2 expression PMID: 25503380
A-dependent DEFB1 upregulation below 20 mM predicts in vitro antimicrobial activity as well as glucose- and AA-dependent CAMP and IFNG upregulation. PMID: 25815330
We conclude that plant-made recombinant beta-defensins (phBD-1 and phBD-2) are promising antimicrobial substances and have the potential to become additional tools against salmonellosis, particularly when used in combination. PMID: 25417183
The DEFB1 c.-44C>G polymorphism of the GG protective genotype was much less frequent among multiple sclerosis patients than among the controls. PMID: 26434201
beta defensin 1 gene -20G/A, -44C/G and -52G/A single nucleotide polymorphisms were not associated with chronic tonsillitis. PMID: 25683590
Our results suggest the involvement of DEFB1 polymorphisms, in particular that of the c.5*G>A SNP, in the susceptibility of women from Northeast Brazil to HPV infection. PMID: 25410996
Functional polymorphisms in IL1B and DEFB1 influence susceptibility to mold infection in solid-organ transplant recipients. PMID: 25398456
DEFB1 minor haplotypes were also associated with an increased risk of developing Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance lesions, being significantly more frequent in HPV negative women with lesions, than without lesions. PMID: 24435641
The present finding explains a common defect in male infertility associated with both asthenozoospermia and leukocytospermia, indicating a dual role of DEFB1 in defending male fertility. PMID: 25122636
GG genotype of C-44G SNP in DEFB1 gene may result in decreased defensin beta-1 production in diabetes. PMID: 25083086
These findings associate DEFB1 5'UTR polymorphisms with HIV-1/AIDS in Mexican women for the first time. PMID: 25001249
hBD-1 suppresses tumor migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 24658581
Data indicate that CCL2 and IL-10 released from burn patient lineage-CD34+CD31- cells were shown to be responsible for their inhibitory activities on the production of beta-defensin 1 (HBD-1) by epidermal keratinocytes. PMID: 24498256
A possible involvement of DEFB1 gene in inflammatory bowel diseases. PMID: 24034632
genetic variant rs11362 in DEFB 1 influences caries susceptibility in CL/P children. The results support the hypothesis that expression of DEFB 1 in saliva may serve as a biomarker for future caries risk PMID: 23964634
This gene encodes a peptide with antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and H. influenzae. PMID: 20100591
HBD-1 serum levels in chronic kidney disease patients are inversely related to estimated glomerular filtration rate. PMID: 24356550
Our findings suggest interplay between hBD-1 and neuroimmunological responses in Alzheimer's disease PMID: 24139179
IRF5, but not TLR4, DEFEB1, or VDR, is associated with the risk of ulcerative colitis in a Han Chinese population. PMID: 23971939
Data suggest that levels of DEFB1 and DEFB2 are highest in colostrum and decrease in human milk over course of lactation; abundance of DEFB1 in colostrum may have protective against upper respiratory infection in infants up to 6 months. PMID: 24124699
The salivary beta-defensin concentration was significantly higher in patients with oral mucosal diseases than in healthy volunteers; furthermore, in patients, the concentration was significantly higher before treatment than after treatment. PMID: 24564045

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.