Recombinant Human C-C Motif Chemokine 15 Protein (CCL15), Active

Name: Recombinant Human C-C Motif Chemokine 15 Protein (CCL15), Active
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-05541P
Availability: InStock

Collections: Chemokines and receptors, Cytokines, Cytokines and growth factors, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human C-C Motif Chemokine 15 Protein (CCL15), Active is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 98% as determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC.
Endotoxin	Less than 1.0 EU/μg as determined by LAL method.
Activity	Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using human T-lymphocytes is in a concentration range of 1.0-10 ng/ml.
Uniprotkb	Q16663
Target Symbol	CCL15
Synonyms	C-C motif chemokine 15; C-C motif chemokine ligand 15; CC chemokine 3; CCL15; CCL15(29-92); CCL15_HUMAN; Chemokine (C C motif) ligand 15; Chemokine CC-2; Chemokine CC2; HCC-2; HCC2; HMRP 2B; HMRP2B; Leukotactin 1; Leukotactin-1; LKN-1; LKN1; Macrophage inflammatory protein 5; MIP 1D; MIP-1 delta; MIP-1D; MIP-5; MIP1 delta; MIP1d; MIP5; MRP 2B; Mrp-2b; Mrp2b; NCC 3; NCC-3; NCC3; New CC chemokine 3; OTTHUMP00000163955; SCYA15; SCYL3; Small inducible cytokine A15; Small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys Cys); member 15; Small-inducible cytokine A15; SY15
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	Tag-Free
Complete Sequence	SFHFAADCCT SYISQSIPCS LMKSYFETSS ECSKPGVIFL TKKGRQVCAK PSGPGVQDCM KKLKPYSI
Expression Range	46-113aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	7.4 kDa
Research Area	Immunology
Form	Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered PBS, pH 7.4
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Chemotactic factor that attracts T-cells and monocytes, but not neutrophils, eosinophils, or B-cells. Acts mainly via CC chemokine receptor CCR1. Also binds to CCR3. CCL15(22-92), CCL15(25-92) and CCL15(29-92) are more potent chemoattractants than the small-inducible cytokine A15.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family
Database References	HGNC: 10613 OMIM: 601393 KEGG: hsa:6359 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000432034 UniGene: Hs.272493
Tissue Specificity	Most abundant in heart, skeletal muscle and adrenal gland. Lower levels in placenta, liver, pancreas and bone marrow. CCL15(22-92), CCL15(25-92) and CCL15(29-92) are found in high levels in synovial fluids from rheumatoid patients.

Gene Functions References

CCL15 secreted from SMAD4-deficient xenografted human colorectal cancer cells recruited CCR1(+) cells, promoting their metastatic activities to the lung. Lung metastases from colorectal cancer patients revealed that CCL15 expression correlated with loss of SMAD4. CCL15-positive metastases recruited approximately 1.9 times more numbers of CCR1(+) cells than CCL15-negative metastases. PMID: 27492974
CCL15 activation of CCR1 plays critical roles in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. PMID: 26501423
Orthotopic animal models of HCC were established to investigate the role of CCL15 in hMSCs migration toward HCC in vivo. Both histological and flow cytometric analysis showed that significantly fewer hMSCs localized within 97H-CCL15-shRNA xenografts compared with 97H-green fluorescent protein xenografts after intravenous delivery PMID: 26763650
Loss of SMAD4 was significantly associated with CCL15 expression. PMID: 26341919
follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) might induce tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration by producing CCL15. Measurement of TAMs and CCL15 in follicular thyroid lesions may be applied clinically to differentiate FTC from follicular adenoma PMID: 26875556
two inflammatory cytokines, MIP-1delta and MIP-3alpha, are able to increase mesenchymal stromal cells migration in vitro PMID: 25579056
we investigated a role of CCL15 in upregulating ICAM-1 in endothelial cells PMID: 23690481
CCL15 is elevated in human asthma and correlates with disease severity . PMID: 22092970
Data show that Only three of these proteins EGF, PDGF-BB and MIP-1delta (CCL15) differed significantly in plasma between controls and Alzheimer's disease (AD). PMID: 22279551
increased secretion by macrophages during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection PMID: 20016943
truncation of NH2-terminal amino acid residues increases agonistic potency on CC chemokine receptors 1 and 3 PMID: 11832479
Lkn-1 activates the ERK pathway by transducing the signal through G(i)/G(o) protein, PLC, PKC delta and Ras, and it may play a role for cell proliferation, differentiation, and regulation of gene expression for other cellular processes PMID: 12759139
These observations demonstrate that the two NF-kappaB binding sites are essential for phorbol myristate acetate-induced leukotactin-1 (Lkn-1)/CCL15 expression in human monocytes. PMID: 15179048
CCL15(25-92) has in vitro and in vivo angiogenic activity PMID: 15251437
alanine-aspartic acid residues preceding the first cysteine at the NH(2)-terminus are essential for the binding and biological activity of leukotactin-1 PMID: 15894113
Compared with full-length CCL15, proteolytically processed CCL15 isoforms with N-terminal deletions display increased potency to induce calcium fluxes and chemotactic activity on monocytes and to induce adhesiveness of mononuclear cells to fibronectin. PMID: 16034099
Transcription of the CCL15 gene is regulated by AP-1 and NF-kappaB through MEK and JNK MAPK pathways in monocytoid cells. PMID: 16364464
Results point to an involvement of the CCL15-CCR1 axis in the pathophysiology of chronic renal failure. PMID: 16737685
factor NF-kappaB plays an important role in regulation of LZIP expression, and LZIP expression regulates the monocyte cell migration induced by Lkn-1 PMID: 17296613

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.