Recombinant Human C-C Motif Chemokine 28 Protein (CCL28), Active

Name: Recombinant Human C-C Motif Chemokine 28 Protein (CCL28), Active
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-05500P
Availability: InStock

Collections: Chemokines and receptors, Cytokines, Cytokines and growth factors, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human C-C Motif Chemokine 28 Protein (CCL28), Active is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 97% as determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC.
Endotoxin	Less than 1.0 EU/μg as determined by LAL method.
Activity	Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using human lymphocytes is in a concentration range of 1.0-10.0 ng/ml.
Uniprotkb	Q9NRJ3
Target Symbol	CCL28
Synonyms	C C motif chemokine ligand 28; C-C motif chemokine 28; CC chemokine CCL28; CCK 1; CCK1; CCK1 protein; CCL 28; CCL28; CCL28_HUMAN; Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 splice variant chi; MEC; Mucosae associated epithelial chemokine; Mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine; Protein CCK1; SCYA28; Small inducible cytokine A28 [Precursor]; small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys); member 28; Small-inducible cytokine A28
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	Tag-Free
Complete Sequence	SEAILPIASS CCTEVSHHIS RRLLERVNMC RIQRADGDCD LAAVILHVKR RRICVSPHNH TVKQWMKVQA AKKNGKGNVC HRKKHHGKRN SNRAHQGKHE TYGHKTPY
Expression Range	20-127aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	12.4 kDa
Research Area	Immunology
Form	Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered PBS, pH 7.4
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Chemotactic activity for resting CD4, CD8 T-cells and eosinophils. Binds to CCR3 and CCR10 and induces calcium mobilization in a dose-dependent manner.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family
Database References	HGNC: 17700 OMIM: 605240 KEGG: hsa:56477 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000354416 UniGene: Hs.656904
Tissue Specificity	Preferentially expressed by epithelial cells of diverse tissues including normal and pathological colon, salivary gland, mammary gland, trachea and rectum. Also found in prostate, spleen, thyroid, psoriasis skin and in lower levels in peripheral blood leu

Gene Functions References

this review discusses the role of CCL28 in innate and adaptive immunity PMID: 28843907
Results show that CCL28 expression was up-regulated under hypoxic condition in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Besides other effects on tumor biology such as immunosuppression, CCL28 could promote angiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma by directly activating its receptor, CCR3, on microvascular endothelial cells. PMID: 27250766
our results show for the first time that CCL28 contributes to breast cancer progression through the ERK/MAPKmediated anti-apoptotic and metastatic signaling pathway. Antagonists of CCL28 and the MAPK signaling pathway may be used synergistically to treat breast cancer patients. PMID: 28713975
HCC recruits Tregs to promote angiogenesis under hypoxic condition by upregulating CCL28 expression. These findings establish a link between Tregs and hypoxia in HCC growth and may provide a new potential therapeutic target for treating HCC. PMID: 27716621
CCL28 was absent in saliva of primary Sjogren's syndrome patients. This finding did not correlate with salivary IgA levels. PMID: 25567740
disease severity of atopic dermatitis in children is not correlated to the level of CCL28, but rather related to that of total IgE PMID: 26642722
CCL28-CCR3 interactions are involved in the homeostatic trafficking of CD4(+) T cells to the upper airways. PMID: 24917456
High CCL28 gene methylation is associated with gastric tumor aggressiveness. PMID: 25740824
CCL28 is a potent growth-promoting factor with the ability to support the in vitro and in vivo functional properties of cultured human hematopoietic cells. PMID: 23509159
These results indicate a role for IL-17A in the human lung by enhancing the expression of CCL28 and hence driving the recruitment of IgE-secreting B cells. PMID: 21447959
tumour hypoxia promotes the recruitment of regulatory T (T(reg)) cells through induction of expression of the chemokine CC-chemokine ligand 28 (CCL28), which, in turn, promotes tumour tolerance and angiogenesis PMID: 21753853
CCL28 may play dual roles in mucosal immunity as a chemoattractant for cells expressing CCR10 and/or CCR3 such as plasma cells and also as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial protein secreted into low-salt body fluids. PMID: 12538707
CCR10 and its mucosal epithelial ligand CCL28 have roles in the migration of circulating IgA plasmablasts PMID: 12671049
CCL28 produced by keratinocytes is mediated by different signal pathways from CCL27, and both CCL27 and CCL28 are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. PMID: 16433680
CCL28 is one link between microbial insult and the exacerbation of pathologies such as asthma, through an NFkappaB-dependent mechanism PMID: 16581045
Expression of CCL28 by epithelial cells from chronically inflamed liver in response to microbial products or interleukin-1 provides a signal to localize CCR10-expressing regulatory T cells at mucosal surfaces. PMID: 16785557
CCL28 mediates mucosal immunity in HIV exposure and infection PMID: 17912348
These studies are the first to show increased CCL28 production during gastrointestinal infection in humans and provide an explanation for the large influx of IgA-secreting cells to the gastric mucosa in H. pylori-infected individuals. PMID: 18426876
There was a robust migration of specific IgA- and IgM-antibody-secreting cells induced by Salmonella vaccination toward the mucosal chemokines CCL25 and CCL28 PMID: 19003934
data reinforce concept that CCL28 may contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis probably through selective migration & infiltration of effector/memory T-helper-2 cells in the skin; CCL28 may represent a prognostic marker for disease severity PMID: 19659860

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.