Recombinant Human CCL4 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human CCL4 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1630SG
Availability: InStock

Collections: Chemokines and receptors, Cytokines and growth factors, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Tag	N/A
Host Species	Human
Accession	P13236
Synonym	C-C motif chemokine 4, G-26, T-lymphocyte-secreted protein HC21, Lymphocyte activation gene 1 protein, LAG-1, MIP-1-beta(1-69), MIP-1-beta, PAT 744, Protein H400, SIS-gamma, Small-inducible cytokine A4, T-cell activation protein 2, ACT-2, MIP1B, SCYA4, Rec.
Background	Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 is a factor produced by macrophages that causes local inflammatory responses, and induces superoxide production by neutrophils. Two peptides are responsible for this activity. They have been termed MIP-1-alpha, and MIP-1-beta. The two MIP proteins are the major factors produced by macrophages following their stimulation with bacterial endotoxins. Both proteins are involved in the cell activation of human granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and appear to be involved in acute neutrophilic inflammation. Both forms of MIP-1 stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils and the release of lysosomal enzymes. They also induce the synthesis of other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF in fibroblasts and macrophages. MIP-1-alpha is a potent agonist of basophils, inducing a rapid change of cytosolic free calcium (see also: Calcium ionophore), the release of histamine and sulfido- leukotrienes, and Chemotaxis. Murine MIP-1- alpha is the primary stimulator of TNF secretion by macrophages, whereas MIP-1-beta antagonizes the inductive effects of MIP-1- alpha. In human monocytes the production of MIP-1-beta can be induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides and IL-7. The biological activities of MIP-1-alpha and MIP-1-beta are mediated by receptors that bind both factors CCR5. A second species of receptors for these two factors also appears to bind MCAF.
Description	Recombinant Human CCL4 was produced in E. coli. This protein is purified with our unique purification methods.
Source	E.coli
Molecular Weight	8.0 kDa
Purity	For specific purity information on a given lot, see related COA.
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Formulation	Recombinant protein is supplied in 50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50mM NaCl, 10mM Glutathione, 0.25mM DTT, 0.1mM EDTA, 0.1mM PMSF and 25% glycerol.
Stability	The recombinant protein is stable for up to 12 months at -70°C
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Recombinant Human CCL4 Protein should be stored should be stored at < -70°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Monokine with inflammatory and chemokinetic properties. Binds to CCR5. One of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant MIP-1-beta induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The processed form MIP-1-beta(3-69) retains the abilities to induce down-modulation of surface expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5 and to inhibit the CCR5-mediated entry of HIV-1 in T-cells. MIP-1-beta(3-69) is also a ligand for CCR1 and CCR2 isoform B.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family
Database References	HGNC: 10630 OMIM: 182284 KEGG: hsa:388372 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000250151 UniGene: Hs.449862

Gene Functions References

identified 13 ADCC-activated genes. Six gene expression assays including 8 of the 13 genes (CCL3, CCL4/CCL4L1/CCL4L2, CD160, IFNG, NR4A3 and XCL1/XCL2) were analyzed in 127 kidney biopsies PMID: 25449536
PCR results show that lower copy numbers of CCL4L1 are observed in the Caucasian population nd higher copy numbers are observed in the Black population of South Africa. PMID: 24727646
CCL4L1 allele frequency is higher in severe psoriasis, whereas CCL4L2 is more frequent in patients with a milder disease. PMID: 21614014
multiple copies of CCL3L1 and CCL4L1 present in a single diploid genome are the result of segmental duplication at chromosome 17q12 PMID: 15028295

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.