Recombinant Human Ccn Family Member 2 (CCN2) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Ccn Family Member 2 (CCN2) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-02338P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: Cytokines, Cytokines and growth factors, Growth factors and receptors, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Ccn Family Member 2 (CCN2) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P29279
Target Symbol	CCN2
Synonyms	CCN 2; CCN family member 2; CCN2; Connective tissue growth factor; Ctgf; CTGF_HUMAN; Hcs 24; Hcs24; Hypertrophic chondrocyte specific protein 24; Hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24 ; Hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific protein 24; IBP-8; IGF-binding protein 8; IGFBP-8; IGFBP8; Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Protein 8; Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 8; MGC102839; NOV 2; NOV2
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	GKKCIRTPKISKPIKFELSGCTSMKTYRAKFCGVCTDGRCCTPHRTTTLPVEFKCPDGEVMKKNMMFIKTCACHYNCPGDNDIFESLYYRKMYGDMA
Expression Range	253-349aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	15.1kDa
Research Area	Cardiovascular
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Major connective tissue mitoattractant secreted by vascular endothelial cells. Promotes proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. Mediates heparin- and divalent cation-dependent cell adhesion in many cell types including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells. Enhances fibroblast growth factor-induced DNA synthesis.
Subcellular Location	Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix. Secreted.
Protein Families	CCN family
Database References	HGNC: 2500 OMIM: 121009 KEGG: hsa:1490 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000356954 UniGene: Hs.410037
Tissue Specificity	Expressed in bone marrow and thymic cells. Also expressed one of two Wilms tumors tested.

Gene Functions References

This work indicates that NELL-1, HMGB1, and CCN2 might enhance bone defect healing via the recruitment of endogenous cells and induction of vascularization and act via different processes than BMP2. PMID: 28463604
TRAF1, CTGF, and CX3CL1 genes are hypomethylated in osteoarthritis PMID: 28470428
Down-regulation of CTGF could markly decrease proliferation. PMID: 29800920
PVT1 was able to bind and degrade miR26b to promote connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) expression. PMID: 29620147
CTGF can reduce glycolysis and mitochondrial OXPHOS pathways by increasing mtTFA protein degradation and in turn reduces cancer migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PMID: 28438434
Results show that mRNA and serum expression levels of Cyr61, CTGF, and VEGF in muscle tissues of patients with polymyositis (PM)/dermatomyositis (DM). These data suggest that these genes may be involved in the pathogenesis mainly by affecting the formation of blood vessels and promoting inflammatory response. PMID: 30142763
This study study discovered a positive feedback loop between CTGF and CCL18 in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. PMID: 28837877
Serum connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a promising diagnostic biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PMID: 29166915
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is an important mediator of renal allograft fibrosis, and urinary CTGF (CTGFu) levels correlate with the development of allograft interstitial fibrosis. We evaluated the predictive value of CTGF protein expression in 160 kidney transplant recipients with paired protocol biopsies at 3 months and 5 years after transplantation. PMID: 28390067
Lymphangiogenesis during tubulointerstitial fibrosis to be associated with increased expression of CTGF and VEGF-C in human obstructed nephropathy as well as in diabetic kidney disease. vitro, CTGF induced VEGF-C production in HK-2 cells, while CTGF siRNA suppressed transforming growth factor beta1-induced VEGF-C upregulation. PMID: 28545716
miR132 may target CTGF in regulating fibrosis in Ang IItreated cardiac fibroblasts. PMID: 28731126
CTGF-mediated temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma operates through TGF-beta1-dependent activation of Smad/ERK signaling pathways PMID: 28617438
CCN2 plays a promoting role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)progression through activating LRP6 in a HSPGs-dependent manner. Heparin in combination with chemotherapy has a synergic effect and could be a treatment choice for HCCs with a high CCN2 expression. PMID: 28870205
real-time polymerase chain reaction showed higher expression levels of TGF-beta and CTGF in desmoid fibromatosis compared with normal skin. The high constitutive expression of beta-catenin downstream effectors; TGF-beta, CTGF has the potential for enabling targeted therapy PMID: 26894649
results demonstrated that mechanical stretch and CoCl2-induced HIF-1alpha together increased the level of MMP-2 and decreased the levels of VEGF and CTGF in cultured ACL fibroblasts. PMID: 27600173
CTGF and BMP2 are induced following myocardial ischemia in mice and humans. PMID: 28460577
Smurf2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, interacts with PDE4B and attenuates liver fibrosis through miR-132 mediated CTGF inhibition PMID: 29100790
the up-regulation of CTGF expression by visfatin might be mediated via HIF-1a -dependent pathway, but not the TGF-b1 pathway in EAHy926 cells PMID: 28478800
Data suggested that the co-expression of the Hippo transducers TAZ/YAP and CTGF may be an adverse prognostic factor in male breast cancer. PMID: 27248471
These findings suggest that 5-HT promotes CCN2 production through the 5-HT2AR in growth plates, and that it represses CCN2 production through the 5-HT2BR in articular cartilage for harmonized development of long bones PMID: 29145495
In addition to well-known anti-inflammatory features, glucocorticoids may have adverse effects on long-term remodeling by TGF-beta1-independent induction of CTGF in lung cells. Simultaneous treatment with caffeine may attenuate glucocorticoid-induced expression of CTGF, thereby promoting restoration of lung homeostasis. PMID: 28330503
CytoD modified MKL1, a coactivator of serum response factor (SRF) regulating CTGF induction, and promoted its nuclear localization. PMID: 27721022
CTGF silencing aggravated energy stress induced by hyperthermia and enhanced apoptosis of hyperthermia-resistant cancers. PMID: 27806300
In lesional SSc dermal fibroblasts, GKT-137831 reduced alpha-SMA and CCN2 protein overexpression and collagen gel contraction PMID: 29049376
High glucose-induced cytoplasmic translocation of Dnmt3a contributes to CTGF hypo-methylation in mesangial cells. PMID: 27364355
Results demonstrat that GDF8 stimulates the expression and secretion of CTGF in human granulosa cells and provide evidence that both proteins may play critical roles in the regulation of extracellular matrix formation in these cells. PMID: 27392496
combined inhibition of ALK5 and CTGF is required to prevent TGFbeta-induced nodule formation in tri-cellular cultures PMID: 28815607
YAP/TAZ and Smad2 regulate CTGF expression in tubular epithelial cells. Reduced nuclear Smad2 correlated with impaired CTGF secretion in DMOG-treated cells and transient downregulation of Smad2 interfered with TGFbeta-1-induced CTGF synthesis. YAP is an indispensable transcription factor involved in CTGF synthesis. PMID: 27155083
CTGF mediates TGF-beta1-inhibited human trophoblast cell invasion. PMID: 28977597
RPTOR (regulatory associated protein of mTOR, complex 1) is a novel target of miR-155 in CF lung epithelial cells. The suppression of RPTOR expression and subsequent activation of TGF-beta signaling resulted in the induction of fibrosis by elevating connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) abundance in CF lung epithelial cells. PMID: 27284727
The present findings indicate that genetic variation in CTGF may contribute to the attainment of extreme old age in Japanese. PMID: 27365368
SC-derived CCN2 partially accelerated tumor growth in vitro. PMID: 28208216
We document for the first time a functional role of CTGF in altering disease progression in a lymphoid malignancy. The findings provide support for targeting the bone marrow microenvironment in aggressive forms of leukaemia. PMID: 26804166
CCN2 suppression by miR-199a-5p accounts, in part, for low-level fibrogenic gene expression in quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and causes dampened gene expression in activated HSCs after horizontal transfer of miR-199a-5p in exosomes from quiescent HSCs. PMID: 27662798
Data suggest that CTGF could be involved in oncogenic pathways promoting non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma associated with metabolic risk factors via induction of liver inflammation. PMID: 26739296
MEKK1/MEK1/ERK1/GLI-1/GLI-2, and AP-1 pathways mediated hypoxia-induced CTGF expression in human lung fibroblasts. PMID: 27486656
Data show that the expression of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was significantly reduced by treatment with vemurafenib and trametinib in (V600E)BRAF protein melanoma cells. PMID: 28067893
CTGF is overexpressed in gastric cancer and adjacent tissue compared to normal gastric tissue. Gastrin induces expression of CTGF in gastric epithelial cells. PMID: 27179776
We found significantly more positively expressed Connective Tissue Growth Factor protein in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma tissues was than in normal adjacent esophageal tissues. MiR-145 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and the EMT process of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma cells through targeted regulation of Connective Tissue Growth Factor expression. PMID: 27771733
The expression of inflammatory markers in the conjunctiva of trachomatous trichiasis patients were studied; CTGF, S100A7, and IL-1beta were all increased. PMID: 27249027
Study shows the role of the CTGF gene as a target of miR-18a, and identifies the function of HBV/HBX/miR-18a/CTGF as a key signaling pathway mediating HBV infection-induced HCC. PMID: 27421245
CTGF expression is significantly upregulated in human masticatory mucosa during wound healing PMID: 28005267
The present study aimed to examine the clinical relevance of NOV along with CYR61 and CTGF in gastric cancer by analysing their transcript levels...the expression of NOV and CYR61 was increased in gastric cancer. The elevated expression of CYR61 was associated with poorer survival. NOV promoted proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells PMID: 27633176
Authors found that CTGF is always associated with haemosiderin-pigmented macrophage-like cells, which suggests that CTGF is produced by synovial A cells following the uptake of blood breakdown products. PMID: 27704689
Decreased expression of CTGF is a common feature in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer; however, it can be restored by the chromatin-modifying agents such as 5-dAzaC or TSA and consequently restrain cancer development. PMID: 27393180
our present findings indicate that the CTGF/p38 axis is a novel therapeutic target of NSCLC metastasis, particularly NSCLC secreting low levels of CTGF. PMID: 27403934
miR-143-3p inhibits hypertrophic scarring by regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of human HSFs, inhibiting ECM production-associated protein expression by targeting CTGF, and restraining the Akt/mTOR pathway. PMID: 27075467
Plasma CTGF levels were significantly higher in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease than in those with CHD and healthy volunteers PMID: 26714814
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was found to be overrepresented in most significant enriched pathways and was experimentally confirmed as a bona fide target of miR-18a, which modulated cell migration and proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells. PMID: 27390086
It has now been shown that CTGF expression is essential for multiplication of fibroblasts, and in its absence, the fibroblasts become unresponsive to agents like TGF-beta1 that normally enhance their growth PMID: 27036370

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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