Recombinant Human CXCL11 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human CXCL11 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1633SG
Availability: InStock

Collections: Chemokines and receptors, Cytokines and growth factors, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Tag	N/A
Host Species	Human
Accession	O14625
Synonym	CXCL11, C-X-C motif chemokine 11, Beta-R1, H174, Interferon gamma-inducible protein 9, IP-9, Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant, I-TAC, Small-inducible cytokine B11.Recombinant Human IFN-Inducible T-cell Chemoattractant (CXCL11).
Background	The CXCL11 belongs to the CXC chemokine family characterized by the presence of one amino acid in between the two NH2-terminal cysteines. CXCL11 is produced by a variety of cells including leukocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells upon stimulation with interferons (IFNs). Simultaneous stimulation of fibroblasts or endothelial cells with IFN-gamma and Interleukin-1b or the TLR3 ligand double-stranded RNA results in a synergistic increase of CXCL11 production. CXCL11 attracts natural killer cells and activated T-helper 1 cells. Like CXCL9 and CXCL10, CXCL11 signals through CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3).
Description	Recombinant Human CXCL11 was produced in E. coli. This protein is purified with our unique purification methods.
Source	E.coli
Molecular Weight	8.0 kDa
Purity	For specific purity information on a given lot, see related COA.
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Formulation	Recombinant protein is supplied in 50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50mM NaCl, 10mM Glutathione, 0.25mM DTT, 0.1mM EDTA, 0.1mM PMSF and 25% glycerol.
Stability	The recombinant protein is stable for up to 12 months at -70°C
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Recombinant Human CXCL11 Protein should be stored should be stored at < -70°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Chemotactic for interleukin-activated T-cells but not unstimulated T-cells, neutrophils or monocytes. Induces calcium release in activated T-cells. Binds to CXCR3. May play an important role in CNS diseases which involve T-cell recruitment. May play a role in skin immune responses.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family
Database References	HGNC: 10638 OMIM: 604852 KEGG: hsa:6373 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000306884 UniGene: Hs.632592
Tissue Specificity	High levels in peripheral blood leukocytes, pancreas and liver astrocytes. Moderate levels in thymus, spleen and lung. Low levels in placenta, prostate and small intestine. Also found in epidermal basal layer keratinocytes in skin disorders.

Gene Functions References

V2O5 induction of CXCL8 and CXCL11 chemokines may lead to the appearance and perpetuation of an inflammatory reaction into the dermal tissue. Further studies are required to evaluate dermal integrity and manifestations in subjects occupationally exposed, or living in polluted areas. PMID: 29901202
BK polyomavirus infection can induce CXCL11 gene expression in kidney transplant patients. PMID: 27759557
CXCL11 production in cerebrospinal fluid was found in herpes simplex meningitis, but not in herpes simplex encephalitis. PMID: 28693588
Neuroendocrine-like cells promote the chemotaxis activity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) via CXCL10 and CXCL11. PMID: 27034164
High CXCL11 expression is associated with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. PMID: 26910919
this study shows that melanoma peptides vaccination and intratumoral administration of IFNgamma increases production of CXCL11 in patient tumors PMID: 27522581
Downregulation of CXC chemokine ligand 11 can inhibit tumor angiogenesis, suggesting that anti-CXC chemokine ligand 11 therapy may offer an alternative treatment strategy for TWIST1-positive ovarian cancer PMID: 28488542
CXCL8/11 may promote the disease progression of osteoarthritis (OA), and may also serve as new therapeutic targets for treatment of OA. PMID: 27567247
this study shows that oxidative signaling inhibits T lymphocyte chemotaxis to the inflammatory chemokine CXCL11 PMID: 28363904
The homozygous variant CXCL11 AA genotype (rs6817952) is associated with an increased risk of contact allergy. PMID: 27356947
In contrast to elevated 1st trimester levels of IP-10 previously found in the maternal serum of women who later developed preeclampsia, this study found lower umbilical cord IP-10 and ITAC plasma levels in near-term gestations with established severe preeclampsia. PMID: 25741937
CXCL11 levels are mainly increased in patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis and high portal pressure. Moreover, levels of CXCL11 might predict long-time survival of cirrhotic patients undergoing TIPS. PMID: 26212075
higher concentration is associated with neutrophils accumulation in the alveolar space of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients with pulmonary fibrosis PMID: 26275808
Developmental expression patterns of chemokines CXCL11, CXCL12 and their receptor CXCR7 in testes PMID: 25810367
congruent with the concept that inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of LV dysfunction, MIG, IP10 and I-TAC add diagnostic accuracy over and beyond NT-pro BNP. PMID: 26506526
Resveratrol substantially inhibited the proinflammatory cytokines-induced CXCL11 production while partially blocking nuclear factor-kappaB activation. PMID: 25890876
Common variants of CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL10 and CXCL11 are associated with vascular permeability of dengue infection in peninsular Malaysia. PMID: 25858769
Cyclic stretch significantly induced ESC secretion of CXCL8 and CXCL1 and neutrophil chemotaxis. Stretch also increased MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3 activity, activin A secretion, and activity in ESC. PMID: 25605062
High CXCL11 expression is associated with acute cellular rejection. PMID: 25251331
These findings functionally integrate K17, hnRNP K, and gene expression along with RSK and CXCR3 signaling in a keratinocyte-autonomous axis and provide a potential basis for their implication in tumorigenesis PMID: 25713416
The homozygosity for the CXCL9 rs10336 (T), CXCL10 rs3921 (G), and CXCL11 rs4619915 (A) alleles is associated with the higher likelihood of significant liver fibrosis in HIV-infected patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1. PMID: 25559603
The chemokine CXCL11 is produced by mesenchymal stem cells and interacts with CXCR3. PMID: 24526602
CXCL11 displays antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. PMID: 12949249
The expression of MIF mRNA was compared with VEGF mRNA expression and with mRNA expression of other chemokines related to neo-angiogenesis, such as CXCL12, CXCL11, CXCL8 and CXCR4, in human endometrial cancer tissue and normal endometrium. PMID: 23985752
CXCL11 was mildlylavage fluid during diffuse alveolar damage, but not during acute rejection or lymphocytic bronchiolitis. Elevated CXCL11 was associated with increased risk of chronic allograft dysfunction. PMID: 24063316
Our study demonstrates in mixed cryoglobulinemia and hepatitis C vs controls: (i)high serum CXCL9 and CXCL11, significantly associated with the presence of active vasculitis; (ii) a strong relationship between circulating CXCL9 and CXCL11 PMID: 23527708
CXCR3 ligands CXCL10, CXCL9 and CXCL11 were measured in 245 children with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome and 81 controls. PMID: 23600831
There was no difference in expression of I-TAC between immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients and healthy controls. PMID: 23158864
Expression of CXCL9, -10, and -11 chemokines and their receptor CXCR3 increases in the aqueous humor of patients with herpetic endotheliitis. PMID: 22367045
This study demonistrated that CXCL11, absent from normal muscle fibers, were induced in DMD myofibers. and up regulattion on blood vessel endothelium of DMD patients. PMID: 23225384
Our study first demonstrates higher serum levels of CXCL11 chemokine in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia than in hepatitis C virus-positive patients, and in particular in the presence of autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID: 22160826
In chronic graft-vs-host disease, increased levels of the Th1-associated chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 led to recruitment of CXCR3+ T cells from the peripheral blood into affected tissues. PMID: 23012327
Elevated BALF concentrations of CXCL11 in systemic sclerosis patients who do not developed lung fibrosis suggest that determination of CXCL11 in BALF could serve as a prognostic factor for pulmonary function decline. PMID: 22691213
CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 and CXCL13 chemokines are biomarkers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with tick borne encephalitis PMID: 22008312
A strong relationship between circulating IFN-gamma and CXCL11 is shown, supporting the role of a T helper (Th)1 cell immune response in the pathogenesis of mixed cryoglobulinemia and hepatitis C. PMID: 21724697
circulating CXCL11, together with CXCL10, is increased in patients with thyroiditis and hypothyroidism, and is related to CXCL10 levels. PMID: 22168752
Elevated plasma levels of interferon-gamma and Cys-X-Cys chemokine receptor 3-binding chemokine CXCL11 are present in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms. PMID: 21962843
CXCR3 ligands, CXCL9,10,11, are differentially expressed during chronic liver diseases across different disease stages and aetiologies. PMID: 21645215
We first show that circulating CXCL9 and CXCL11 are increased in patients with thyroiditis and hypothyroidism and are related to each other. PMID: 21470996
involved in microbial-induced intestinal inflammation and Th17 cell development in ulcerative colitis PMID: 21438871
A potent dose-dependent inhibition by PPARalpha-agonists was observed on the cytokines-stimulated secretion of CXCL11 in Graves disease and in primary thyrroid culture. PMID: 20810571
The expression and function of CXCR3 and CXCR7 receptors in cervical carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and glioblastoma cell lines, was evaluated. PMID: 20529825
Studies indicate that CXCR7 is an interceptor for CXCL12 and CXCL11. PMID: 20036838
TNFSF14 enhanced IFN-gamma-induced secretion of CXCL10 and CXCL11 from human gingival fibroblasts. PMID: 19939453
Studies indicate that I-TAC-targeted intervening strategies would have potential application for the alleviation of acute transplant rejection. PMID: 19875106
I-TAC is a highly potent chemoattractant of normal blood CD4 and CD8 T cell transendothelial migration and a major mediator of blood memory T lymphocyte migration to inflammation. PMID: 12055261
The IFN-gamma-inducible T cell alpha-chemoattractant was induced in human brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes only after inflammatory stimuli. PMID: 12162873
These data suggest that IFN-beta acts through PI3K to enhance the transactivation competence of NF-kappa B complexes through phosphorylation of p65 within the TAD of beta-R1. PMID: 12169689
Levels of ITAC/CXCL11 were found elevated in patients with severe transplantation coronary artery disease (TCAD) compared with long-term survivors of transplantation without TCAD and healthy volunteers who had not undergone transplantation PMID: 12695288
increased calpain activity in undifferentiated keratinocytes. inhibited calpain activity in fibroblasts. redifferentiated basal keratinocytes limit fibroblast repopulation of dermis of healed wounds while promoting re-epithelialization. PMID: 12787142

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.