Recombinant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19) Protein (His), Active

Name: Recombinant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19) Protein (His), Active
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-06002P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: Cytokines, Cytokines and growth factors, Enzymes, Featured enzyme molecules, Growth factors and receptors, Kinase, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19) Protein (His), Active is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Endotoxin	Less than 1.0 EU/μg as determined by LAL method.
Activity	The ED50 as determined by its ability to bind Human FGF R3 in functional ELISA is less than 15 ug/ml.
Uniprotkb	O95750
Target Symbol	FGF19
Synonyms	FGF 19; FGF-19; FGF15; FGF19; FGF19_HUMAN; Fibroblast growth factor 15; Fibroblast growth factor 19
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Complete Sequence	FSDAGPHVHYGWGDPIRLRHLYTSGPHGLSSCFLRIRADGVVDCARGQSAHSLLEIKAVALRTVAIKGVHSVRYLCMGADGKMQGLLQYSEEDCAFEEEIRPDGYNVYRSEKHRLPVSLSSAKQRQLYKNRGFLPLSHFLPMLPMVPEEPEDLRGHLESDMFSSPLETDSMDPFGLVTGLEAVRSPSFEK
Expression Range	27-216aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	23.5 kDa
Research Area	Signal Transduction
Form	Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered 20 mM PB, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Involved in the suppression of bile acid biosynthesis through down-regulation of CYP7A1 expression, following positive regulation of the JNK and ERK1/2 cascades. Stimulates glucose uptake in adipocytes. Activity requires the presence of KLB and FGFR4.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Heparin-binding growth factors family
Database References	HGNC: 3675 OMIM: 603891 KEGG: hsa:9965 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000294312 UniGene: Hs.249200
Tissue Specificity	Expressed in fetal brain, cartilage, retina, and adult gall bladder.

Gene Functions References

Study showed that FGF19 amplification is a genetic event in Chinese lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients, with a frequency of 37.5%. FGF19 amplified LSCC cells express relatively higher levels of FGF19 mRNA expression, and downregulation of FGF19 expression can induce significant cell killing effects in vitro and in vivo. PMID: 28906590
FGFR4/FGF19 autocrine signaling mediates the survival of a subset of basal-like breast cancer cells PMID: 27192118
FGF19 copy number may increase in hepatocellular carcinoma accompanying a complete response to sorafenib treatment PMID: 27384874
Study demonstrates that elevated FGF19 expression or hyperactivation of FGF19/FGFR4 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells is one of the main mechanisms of sorafenib resistance. PMID: 28069043
This is the first study to elucidate FGF19/FGFR4 signaling in favor of hepatocellular carcinoma cells developing from fatty liver PMID: 27447573
High expression of FGF19 is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 26498355
Findings show that FGF19 provides a cytoprotective role against ER stress by activating a FGFR4-GSK3beta-Nrf2 signaling cascade, suggesting targeting this signaling node as a candidate therapeutic regimen for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management. PMID: 28951455
Fibroblast growth factor 19 levels in human portal blood are higher than in arterial blood. Fibroblast growth factor 19 is released by the portal-drained viscera under fasted steady state conditions. PMID: 28003563
Intestinal sensing of highly elevated levels of conjugated bile acids in blood promotes FGF15/FGF19 signaling, reducing hepatic bile acid synthesis and modulating bile acid transporters. PMID: 28498614
serum FGF19 and FGF21 and hepatic Klotho expression are inversely associated with hepatic damage in children with NAFLD PMID: 23840612
Administering FGF19, or suitable mimetic, as a pharmacological intervention to increase circulating levels of FGF19 and suppress BA synthesis by inhibiting CYP7A1 gene expression is likely to provide therapeutic benefits for many PBC patients PMID: 28570655
Amplification of FGF19 was validated in independent LSCC samples. Furthermore, FGF19 stimulated LSCC cell growth in vitro. These data implicate FGF19 as a potential driver gene in LSCC with clinic characteristics as smoking. PMID: 26943773
FGF19 is able to enhance migration and invasion abilities of gastric cancer cells. PMID: 27053348
Bile acid and FGF19 levels increased after Roux-en-Y bypass, but not after intensive medial management in type 2 diabetic subjects who achieved similar improvement in glycemic control. PMID: 26259981
FGF19 correlates with severity of liver disease and can potentially serve as an indicator of chronic cholestatic liver injury. PMID: 26293907
Study shows that FGF19 can be secreted and promotes ovarian cancer progression such as proliferation and invasion by activating FGFR4. PMID: 26323668
we suggest that considerable mechanistic differences exist between humans and mice with regard to the nuclear receptors controlling the VitA-FGF15/19 axis. PMID: 26723851
Suggest a potential connection between gallbladder cholangiocyte-derived FGF19 and bile acid metabolism that could lead to metabolic dysregulation following cholecystectomy. PMID: 26256900
discusses current knowledge of the complex biology of the endocrine FGFs. PMID: 26567701
FGF-19 increment after OGL was positively associated with age, and negatively associated with abnormal glucose regulation and statin treatment PMID: 26343925
KL methylation is a characteristic of many breast cancer cases . However, the resulting or associated perturbation in FGFR4 expression, similar to FGF19, could be utilized as a biomarker for poor prognosis PMID: 26152288
The pathogenesis of intestinal failure associated liver disease is uncertain, we therefore investigated the role of FGF19 and pro-inflammatory cytokines has on this disease state. PMID: 25595885
In this review, we have reported the altered expression of FGF19 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma; we find limited information on the role of FGF19 in other liver diseases PMID: 25547779
In mice with humanized livers, expression of an FGF19 transgene corrects bile acid signaling defects, resulting in normalization of bile acid synthesis, the bile acid pool, and liver size. PMID: 26028580
The data suggest that FGF19/FGF21 circulating levels and hepatic gene expression of the associated signaling pathway are significantly dysregulated in type 2 diabetes. PMID: 25664662
Describe a nontumorigenic FGF19 variant, M70, which regulates bile acid metabolism and, through inhibition of bile acid synthesis/reduction of excess hepatic bile acid accumulation, protects mice from cholestatic liver injury. PMID: 25080475
obesity appears as the predominant determinant of the abnormalities in FGF21 and FGF19 levels. Opposite changes in beta-Klotho expression in fat and liver indicate potential tissue-specific alterations in the responsiveness to endocrine FGFs in obesity PMID: 24813368
FGF19 levels were reduced in non-diabetic obese subjects as compared to lean controls and obese type 2 diabetic subjects. PMID: 24841294
Fibroblast growth factor 19 might be associated with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy by promoting cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of prostate cancer PMID: 25854696
In hepatocellular carcinoma, FGF19 amplifications, known to activate Wnt signaling, were mutually exclusive with CTNNB1 and AXIN1 mutations, and significantly associated with cirrhosis. PMID: 24798001
FGF19 expression is not associated with lymph node metastasis and locally invasive characteristics of the tumor in colorectal cancers PMID: 23803094
Reduced fibroblast growth factor 19 is a feature of bile acid diarrhea. PMID: 23981126
[review] While FGF19 is a negative feedback regulator of bile acid metabolism and can circulate as a hormone, emerging evidence has showed its autocrine or exocrine function. PMID: 24827712
FGF19 stimulates tumor progression by activating the STAT3 pathway. PMID: 24728076
Reduced serum FGF19 levels could be involved in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus, while increased serum FGF21 levels could be a compensatory response to this disease. PMID: 24260557
Quantification of FGF19 expression appears to provide valuable prognostic information in breast cancer PMID: 24248542
Fasting serum FGF19 levels were decreased in Chinese subjects with IFG and inversely associated with fasting glucose levels. PMID: 23628619
These results suggest that SREBP-2 negatively regulates the FXR-mediated transcriptional activation of the FGF19 gene in human intestinal cells. PMID: 24321096
Serum FGF19 is associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in a Chinese population. PMID: 23940810
The specificity of hFGF19 signaling is greatly altered in a mouse model system. PMID: 23064887
FGF19 protein expression might be an effective predictor of early recurrence and a marker for poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 23456506
FGF19 (fibroblast growth factor 19) as a novel target gene for activating transcription factor 4 in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress PMID: 23205607
A decrease in fasting FGF19 levels is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese adolescents. PMID: 23329754
HNF4alpha and LRH-1 promote active transcription histone marks on the Cyp7a1 promoter that are reversed by FGF19 in a SHP-dependent manner PMID: 23038264
These results suggest that FGF19 is transcriptionally activated through multiple Farnesoid X receptor-responsive elements in the promoter region PMID: 22561792
Differential specificity of endocrine FGF19 and FGF21 to FGFR1 and FGFR4 in complex with KLB. PMID: 22442730
The FGF19 effect on APOA was attenuated by transfection of primary hepatocytes with siRNA against the FGF19 receptor 4 (FGFR4). PMID: 22267484
Baseline serum FGF-19 levels are significantly lower in obese patients with type 2 diabetes and is at least partially dependent upon nutritional status, but is not related to glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity parameters. PMID: 21574752
Mouse Fgf15 and human FGF19 play key roles in enterohepatic signaling, regulation of liver bile acid biosynthesis, gallbladder motility and metabolic homeostasis PMID: 22396169
FGF-19 levels are low in type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. PMID: 22166511

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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