Recombinant Human GM-CSF (CSF2) Protein

Name: Recombinant Human GM-CSF (CSF2) Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1226SG
Availability: InStock

Collections: Antibody / cell therapy targets, Antibody therapeutic / adc target proteins, Colony-stimulating factors and receptors (csfs), Cytokines and growth factors, Growth factors and receptors, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Tag	N/A
Host Species	Human
Accession	P04141
Synonym	GM-CSF, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, CSF-2, Pluripoietin-alpha, Recombinant Human Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF2)
Background	GM-CSF is a hematopoietic growth factor that is produced by endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts and T-lymphocytes following their activation by antigens or mitogens. GM-CSF stimulates the development of macrophages and neutrophils and plays a role in the proliferation and development of early erythroid megakaryocytic and eosinophilic progenitor cells. Approximately 90% of the secreted colony stimulating activities are due to GM-CSF. While non-glycosylated and glycosylated GM-CSF show similar activities in vitro, fully glycosylated GM-CSF is biologically more active in vivo compared to its non-glycosylated counterpart. Human and murine GM-CSF are species-specific and therefore, exhibit no cross-reactivity. Recombinant Human GM-CSF is a non-glycosylated, monomeric protein that contains intra-chain disulfide bonds.
Description	Recombinant Human GM-CSF (CSF2) was produced in E. coli. This protein is purified with our unique purification methods.
Source	E.coli
Molecular Weight	15.0 kDa
Purity	For specific purity information on a given lot, see related COA.
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Formulation	Recombinant protein is supplied in 50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50mM NaCl, 10mM Glutathione, 0.25mM DTT, 0.1mM EDTA, 0.1mM PMSF and 25% glycerol.
Stability	The recombinant protein is stable for up to 12 months at -70°C
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Recombinant Human GM-CSF (CSF2) Protein should be stored should be stored at < -70°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	GM-CSF family
Database References	HGNC: 2434 OMIM: 138960 KEGG: hsa:1437 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000296871 UniGene: Hs.1349

Gene Functions References

GM-CSF could be induced by M. pneumoniae infection in vivo and vitro. Childen with high level GM-CSF had longer duration of fever. GM-CSF probably plays a vital role in neutrophil inflammation in M. pneumoniae infection. PMID: 30007865
Data show that CD4 T cells from synovial fluid are enriched for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production, suggests that the GM-CSF programme may be a primary pathogenic process. PMID: 29142230
GM-CSF bioavailability plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Decreased bioavailability coupled with the genetic risk markers and/or smoking results in aggressive ileal Crohn's disease behavior. PMID: 29434451
Data show that GIF (ORF117 ) serves as a competitive decoy receptor by leveraging binding hotspots underlying the cognate receptor interactions of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). PMID: 27819269
As translated to human disease, these findings suggest vaccine-mediated expansion of GM-CSF-producing T cells could be an effective prophylactic or therapeutic TB strategy. PMID: 29233902
In a subset of patients who received GM-CSF, circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and anti-GM-CSF-neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) were also modulated. The majority of patients developed anti-GM-CSF Nabs, which correlated with improved RFS and OS PMID: 28536308
this study shows that cortisol inhibits CSF2 via DNA methylation and inhibits invasion in first-trimester trophoblast cells PMID: 28846166
Oral and periodontal innate immunity is affected by HIV viremia and ART. GCF IL-8, G-CSF, as well as serum IL-8, MCP-1 and GM-CSF may be useful biomarkers for the detection of disease presence and/or its severity due to HIV infection and ART use. PMID: 28043030
This review summarizes a number of findings to provide the currently available information regarding the anticancer immune response of GM-CSG. [review] PMID: 27364892
Data suggest that the intratumoral GM-CSF expression, as a potentially independent prognostic biomarker for recurrence, might improve conventional clinical and pathologic analysis to refine outcome prediction for clinically localized clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients after surgery. PMID: 27016418
High GM-CSF expression is associated with breast Cancer. PMID: 28754674
In gastric cancer (GC), tumour-derived GM-CSF activated neutrophils and induced neutrophil PD-L1 expression via Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling pathway. The activated PD-L1(+) neutrophils effectively suppressed normal T-cell immunity in vitro and contributed to the growth and progression of human GC in vivo. PMID: 28274999
The IL-3/ GM-CSF effected on the myofibroblastic differentiation of human adipose derive stromal cells (hASCs) as well as it did on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). PMID: 28377320
Obesity alters the lung neutrophil infiltration to enhance breast cancer metastasis through IL5 and GM-CSF. PMID: 28737771
Data suggest that the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an effective recombinant host for heterologous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) production. PMID: 28376863
Letter: Knockdown of either filaggrin or loricrin increases the productions of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-8, IL-18 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in stratified human keratinocytes. PMID: 26381575
Impaired RASGRF1/ERK-mediated GM-CSF response characterizes CARD9 deficiency in French-Canadians. PMID: 26521038
Honokiol could possess potential anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits TNF-alpha-induced IL-1beta, GM-CSF and IL-8 production in PBMCs from rheumatoid arthritis patients. PMID: 26339358
The canonical NFkappaB signaling in fibroblasts, but not in tumor cells, was shown to be responsible for the induced and constitutive CSF2 expression. PMID: 25919140
GM-CSF primes IL-13 production by macrophages via PAR-2. PMID: 25633855
analysis of an IL2RA polymorphism that controls GM-CSF production in human TH cells PMID: 25278028
NFKBIZ gene knockdown in bronchial epithelial cells suppresses the release of IL-1b-induced IL-6 and GMCSF. PMID: 25629767
CFH Y402H polymorphism is associated with elevated vitreal GM-CSF and choroidal macrophages in the postmortem human eye. PMID: 25814824
Influenza infection stimulates the secretion of IL-8 and GM-CSF by alveolar epithelial cells. PMID: 26033355
Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenopathy syndrome febrile episodes are characterized by activation of GM-CSF and IL-8 with Th1 skewing. PMID: 24670131
activation of STAT3 induces the expression of GM-CSFRa that protects CLL cells from apoptosis, suggesting that inhibition of STAT3 or GM-CSFRa may benefit patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia PMID: 24836891
G-CSF- or GM-CSF-secreting cancers, albeit not very common are, however, among the most rapidly advancing ones due to a cytokine-mediated immune suppression and angiogenesis. [Review] PMID: 24692240
Treatment with GM-CSF increased the expression of vimentin and ZEB1, similar to TGF-b1 treatment, and decreased the expression of E-cadherin. Our results suggest that GM-CSF could induce EMT in human HERS/ERM cells. PMID: 24258001
GM-CSF polymorphism may be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. PMID: 24117406
The association of GM-CSF expression with systemic inflammation highlights the potential role of Th17-related cytokines in the pathology of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. PMID: 24692225
M-CSF induces macrophage transformation by upregulating c-Jun with a certain synergy of NFkappaB. PMID: 24100343
The detection of basal level of IgM rheumatoid factor, IgM and also certain cytokines can be useful in prognosis of effectiveness of rituximab therapy under rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 25080789
Cytokines and signaling molecules predict clinical outcomes in sepsis. PMID: 24244449
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produces long-term changes in gene and microRNA expression profiles in CD34+ cells from healthy donors. PMID: 24056818
mesenchymal-like breast cancer cells activate macrophages to a tumor-associated macrophage-like phenotype by GM-CSF. PMID: 24823638
The comparison between the cytokine profiles of ET and PV patients showed a statistically significant increase of IL-4, IL-8, GM-CSF, interferon -gamma, MCP-1, PDGF-BB, and VEGF in the ET group PMID: 24463275
Data indicate that differentially expressed IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 levels are associated with K-ras in a stage-specific fashion along colorectal cancer progression and an association was established between mutant K-ras and GM-CSF and IFN-gamma. PMID: 24040001
in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group, significantly higher IL-4 level on the first and the third post dengue virus infection days, while higher IL-10 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were detected on the third postinfection day. PMID: 24078930
loss of BMPR2 induced prolonged phospho-p38 MAPK in response to TNF, and this increased GADD34-PP1 phosphatase activity, dephosphorylating eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF2alpha), and derepressing GM-CSF mRNA translation PMID: 24446489
Since GM-CSF plays an important role during pregnancy, the reduced levels of GM-CSF in the cervico-vaginal fluid of human papillomavirus(+) women might contribute to explain the reduced live birth rate. PMID: 23920355
SECTM1 secreted from bone marrow stromal cells may interact with CD7 to influence GM-CSF expression in leukemic cells. PMID: 24211252
Describe GM-CSF ELISA for routine clinical diagnosis of autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. PMID: 24275678
The data presented suggest that -677C/A in the promoter region of the GM-CSF gene does not play a role in acne pathogenesis. PMID: 23069312
CBL linker and RING finger mutants lead to enhanced GM-CSF signaling due to elevated kinase expression, which can be blocked using small molecule inhibitors targeting specific downstream pathways. PMID: 23696637
impairment of NFATC2-calcineurin interaction promotes megakaryocyte proliferation through up-regulation of CSF2 transcription PMID: 22911897
Overexpression of a nonphosphorylatable MT1-MMP mutant (Y573F) abrogates CSF-2 and CSF-3 transcriptional increases. PMID: 23548906
GM-CSF contributes to aortic aneurysms resulting from SMAD3 deficiency PMID: 23585475
Within pediatric Crohn disease, neutrophil GM-CSF-dependent STAT5 activation and bacterial killing were reduced as GM-CSF autoantibodies increased. PMID: 23600834
This study demonistrated that GMCSF is downregulation in brain in patient with Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 22430742
IL-27 suppresss GM-CSF production under nonpolarizing and T helper (Th)1 cell, but not T helper (Th)17 cell conditions, in both murine and human cultures. PMID: 22837488

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.