Recombinant Human IL-15 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human IL-15 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1715NP
Availability: InStock

BL-1715NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: Cytokines, Cytokines and growth factors, Interleukins and receptors, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Interleukin-15 is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Asn49-Ser162 is expressed.
Accession	P40933
Synonym	Interleukin-15; IL-15; IL15
Gene Background	Human Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that regulates T cell and natural killer cell activation and proliferation. IL-15 binds to the alpha subunit of the IL15 receptor (IL-15RA) with high affinity. IL-15 also binds to the beta and gamma chains of the IL-2 receptor, but not the alpha subunit of the IL2 receptor. IL-15 is structurally and functionally related to IL-2. Both cytokines share some subunits of receptors, allowing them to compete for and negatively regulate each other's activity. The number of CD8+ memory T cells is controlled by a balance between IL-15 and IL-2. Despite their many overlapping functional properties, IL-2 and IL-15 are, in fact, quite distinct players in the immune system. IL-15 is constitutively expressed by a wide variety of cell types and tissues, including monocytes, macrophages and DCs. Mature Human IL-15 shares 70% amino acid sequence identity with Mouse and Rat IL-15.
Molecular Mass	12.5 KDa
Apmol Mass	12 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM PB, 150mM NaCl, pH 7.0.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.001 ng/µg (0.01 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Biologically active. Please contact us to obtain bioactivity data.
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting.It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml.Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water.Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt.Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days.Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature.Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T-lymphocytes. Stimulation by IL15 requires interaction of IL15 with components of the IL2 receptor, including IL2RB and probably IL2RG but not IL2RA. In neutrophils, stimulates phagocytosis probably by signaling through the IL15 receptor, composed of the subunits IL15RA, IL2RB and IL2RG, which results in kinase SYK activation.
Subcellular Location	[Isoform IL15-S48AA]: Secreted.; [Isoform IL15-S21AA]: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=IL15-S21AA is not secreted, but rather is stored intracellularly, appearing in the nucleus and cytoplasmic components.
Protein Families	IL-15/IL-21 family
Database References	HGNC: 5977 OMIM: 600554 KEGG: hsa:3600 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000296545 UniGene: Hs.168132
Tissue Specificity	Most abundant in placenta and skeletal muscle. It is also detected in the heart, lung, liver and kidney. IL15-S21AA is preferentially expressed in tissues such as testis and thymus.

Gene Functions References

High IL15 expression is associated with follicles with immature oocytes. PMID: 29619608
IL-15 plays a pivotal role in creating a self-renewing, persistent HIV reservoir by facilitating infection of CD4(+) T cells with stem cell-like properties. PMID: 30257946
The genetic variations in IL15 affects the risk of developing of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and are associated with hyperdiploidy in Latvian population. PMID: 29528261
circulating IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha concentrations are reduced in lean and obese physically active people PMID: 28940555
IL-15/IL-15Ralpha signaling pathway is activated in skeletal muscle in response to a session of resistance exercise. PMID: 28449327
Recipient IL-15 rs10519613 polymorphism was associated with hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation. PMID: 29162948
This review provides significant characterization of specific systemic, cellular and molecular alterations caused by IL-15 superagonist treatment as compared to native IL-15 and compares their anti-tumor effectiveness in multiple preclinical studies [Review] PMID: 28888485
iNKT cell development requires IL-15, and study found that sgammac interfered with IL-15 signaling to suppress iNKT cell generation in the thymus. Thus, sgammac represents a new mechanism to control cytokine availability during T cell development that constrains mature T cell production and specifically iNKT cell generation in the thymus. PMID: 27833166
The rs10833 polymorphism could be involved in regulating IL-15 production in subclinical atherosclerosis. PMID: 28923712
RFC, IL15 and VDR germline variants are associated with minimal residual disease in pediatric B-cell precursor ALL PMID: 27427275
IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha genes in samples from the Spanish Consortium for Genetics of Celiac Disease (CEGEC) collection, identifying two regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that might be associated with celiac disease PMID: 28738233
associated with increased loss of fat mass and body weight [review] PMID: 28752527
These data support the combinatorial approach of in situ suppression of the PD-L inhibitory checkpoints with DC-mediated IL15 transpresentation to promote antigen-specific T-cell responses and, ultimately, contribute to graft-versus-tumor immunity PMID: 28637876
These data suggest that TLR2 activation is involved in the induction of IL-15 production by primary Sjogren's syndrome salivary gland epithelial cells and promotes inflammation through NF-kappaB activation. PMID: 27260411
this review will focus on IL-15 biology in NK cells and proposes the development novel therapies aimed at this pathway in humans PMID: 27835762
IL-15 levels were found to be elevated in depressed patients with asthma. PMID: 26874516
this paper show that IL-15 boosts the function and migration of human terminally differentiated CD8+ T cells by inducing a unique gene signature PMID: 26857736
inhibits the Ca(2+)-induced differentiation of keratinocytes, mainly via the attenuation of Ca(2+)-stimulated PI3K-AKT signalling PMID: 26914593
The 161533 TriKE induced superior NK cell cytotoxicity, degranulation, and cytokine production against CD33(+) HL-60 targets and increased NK survival and proliferation. PMID: 26847056
In this article, we review the functions, expression, and regulation of IL-15 for designing an improved IL-15-based therapy targeting the IL-15 signaling pathway. PMID: 27325459
n this study, authors compared the concentrations of IL-15 and IL-7 in the plasma of MDS patients (n = 20) compared with that in the plasma of healthy controls (n = 20). Results indicated that exposure to high levels of IL-15 may be involved in the T cell phenotype conversion observed in MDS. PMID: 27036031
The presence of IL15 rs10833 AA genotype in HIV-/HCV-co-infected patients was associated with advanced liver fibrosis, inflammation-related biomarkers and increased rates of sustained virological response to pegIFN-alpha/RBV therapy. PMID: 26836972
High IL15 expression is associated with endometriosis. PMID: 27190213
IL-15 drives bystander activation of CD8+ T cells, which predicts disease progression in untreated HIV-1-infected patients and suggests that elevated IL-15 may also drive CD8+ T cell expansion that is linked to increased morbidity and mortality in treated patients PMID: 27322062
Sustained virologic response was significantly associated with IL15 rs10833 in chronic hepatitis C patients, treated with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin. PMID: 28827115
IL-15 mRNA and protein levels significantly increased in rhHBcAg stimulation group compared with non-stimulated group. PMID: 28274303
this work provides evidence that the sushi-IL-15Ralpha/IL-15 fusion protein RLI enhances antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 treatment and is a promising approach to stimulate host immunity PMID: 27217584
This analysis revealed highly connected functional interaction networks with two candidate genes, IL15 and SEC14L5 highly enriched in networks. Overall, from these results, we concluded that these genes can be recommended as some of the potential targets for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. PMID: 27997584
These data support a potential role for IL-15 in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated immune activation. PMID: 27880829
15Ralpha/15 complexes represent a potent adjuvant for augmenting the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy. Such cell-bound or soluble 15Ralpha/15 complexes could be developed for use in combination immunotherapy approaches. PMID: 27227483
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) pathogenesis remains unknown, and there are no curative therapies. Our findings not only demonstrate a critical role for IL15-mediated inflammation in cutaneous T-cell lymphomagenesis, but also uncover a new oncogenic regulatory loop in CTCL involving IL15, HDAC1, HDAC6, and miR-21 that shows differential sensitivity to isotype-specific HDAC inhibitors PMID: 27422033
we provide the first direct evidence that IL-15 is expressed both at the mRNA and protein level in human salivary gland epithelial cells and it is clear that salivary glands from primary Sjogren's syndrome patients showed an intensified epithelial expression of IL-15 PMID: 27567226
Data show a greater expression of interleukin 15 (IL-15) mRNA in healing wounds compared with non-healing wounds. PMID: 27460304
Our study indicates that the IL15 +96522A/C polymorphism correlates with the severity of Hashimoto's disease (HD), most likely by increasing Th17 cells. PMID: 28164472
this study shows that IL-15 induces cytokine-induced killer cells with a potent cytotoxic activity mostly against tumor cells from epithelial solid malignancies via NKG2D-mediated mechanism. PMID: 27615504
IL-15 is able to significantly regulate the inflammatory infiltration of macrophages in polymyositis patients through affecting the NF-kB pathway and MMP-9 expression levels. PMID: 27374114
IL-15 mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients with moderately severe viral bronchiolitis compared to controls and patients with severe disease. Serum IL15 correlated with disease severity. PMID: 26541527
These data underline the potential of "free" IL15 in the absence of Ralpha-complex as a powerful and specific immuno-modulator, which may be beneficial where selective immune-activation is desired. PMID: 26822794
Culturing NK cells under hypoxia compared with ambient air (normoxia) and IL-15 priming synergistically augmented glycolytic gene expression without major changes in glycolytic flux and glucose consumption. PMID: 27129235
Findings suggest for co-targeting shedding-derived soluble MIC (sMIC) to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of ALT-803 or other interleukin 15 (IL-15) agonists. PMID: 26625316
Report improved antitumoral NK-cell activity in DC-based vaccine strategies through the use of IL-15/IL-15Ralpha mRNA-engineered designer DC. PMID: 26675759
The novel mechanism of IL-15 transfer to the surface of antigen-processing DCs may explain the enhanced potency of IL-15:IL-15Ralpha-coated nanoparticles for antigen delivery. PMID: 26719339
Virtual memory T cells develop and mediate bystander protective immunity in an IL-15-dependent manner. PMID: 27097762
results demonstrated the relative functional deficiencies of alpha-GalCer induced UCB iNKT cells, which can be ameliorated by IL-15 PMID: 26481260
Protein, mRNA, and serum expression levels of MMP-7 and IL-15 in patients with osteoarthritis were all significantly increased in osteoarthritis patients compared with the control group. PMID: 26464654
Downregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation enhances tumoricidal effect of IL-15-activated dendritic cell against doxorubicin-resistant lymphoma and leukemia via TNF-alpha. PMID: 26255115
Exercise-stimulated interleukin-15 is controlled by AMPK and regulates skin metabolism and aging. PMID: 25902870
Studeis indicate that expression of interleukin-15 (IL-15) in tissues promotes T helper 1 cell-mediated immunity. PMID: 26567920
These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism to attenuate IL-15-dependent NK cell proliferation and suggest that inhibitory NK cell receptors contribute to NK cell homeostasis. PMID: 26453750
IL15 was expressed primarily in the suprabulb of the hair follicle. PMID: 26479922

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.