Recombinant Human IL-31 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human IL-31 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1769NP
Availability: InStock

BL-1769NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: Antibody / cell therapy targets, Antibody therapeutic / adc target proteins, Cytokines, Cytokines and growth factors, Interleukins and receptors, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Interleukin-31 is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Ser24-Thr164 is expressed.
Accession	Q6EBC2
Synonym	Interleukin-31; IL-31; IL31
Gene Background	Human Interleukin 31 (IL-31) is a cytokine containing a four-helix bundle structure. It shares several structural and functional characteristics with IL-6, Oncostatin M, LIF, and Cardiotrophin-1. Human IL-31 cDNA encodes a 164 amino acid precursor that contains a 23 amino acid signal peptide and a 141 amino acid mature protein. Human and mouse IL-31 share 24% sequence identity in the mature region. IL-31 is mainly associated with activated T cells and is preferentially expressed by type 2 helper T cells (Th2). IL-31 signals via a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of a gp130 related molecule termed IL-31RA (also GPL and GLMR) and an Oncostatin M receptor (OSM Rβ). The IL-31 receptor is constitutively expressed by keratinocytes and upregulated by IFNγ on monocytes. GPL/OSMR signaling is a strong activator of STAT3 and STAT5, and can also activate STAT1, Jak1, and Jak2 signaling pathways. IL-31 regulated immune responses have been implicated in skin physiology and inflammatory skin diseases. Studies have shown that IL31 induces severe pruritis (itching) and dermatitis in transgenic mice.
Molecular Mass	15.8 KDa
Apmol Mass	15 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.001 ng/µg (0.01 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting.It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml.Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water.Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt.Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days.Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature.Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Activates STAT3 and possibly STAT1 and STAT5 through the IL31 heterodimeric receptor composed of IL31RA and OSMR. May function in skin immunity. Enhances myeloid progenitor cell survival in vitro. Induces RETNLA and serum amyloid A protein expression in macrophages.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Database References	HGNC: 19372 OMIM: 609509 KEGG: hsa:386653 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000366234 UniGene: Hs.569071
Tissue Specificity	Detected at low levels in testis, bone marrow, skeletal muscle, kidney, colon, thymus, small intestine and trachea.

Gene Functions References

Eosinophils are a major source of IL-31 in bullous pemphigoid and this cytokine may contribute to itch in these patients. PMID: 29693698
Lung cancer patients homozygous CC for rs7977932 or carried the G allele of rs4758680 had significantly poorer prognoses compared to those who did not have these genotype; the rs7977932 CC genotype was significantly associated with metastasis and poor survival status in lung adenocarcinoma PMID: 29791232
The findings suggest that rs7977932 and rs4758680 of IL-31 may be associated with the development and progression of the epithelial ovarian cancer in the Chinese population. PMID: 29484036
this study shows that decreased serum levels of IL-31 correlate in treated patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis PMID: 29050818
review: in-depth overview of the role of IL-31 in chronic skin diseases and the possible diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the management of these diseases PMID: 29046191
Obtained results, as well as literature data, show that lower concentration of IL-31 in patients' serum may be correlated with its role in JAK/STAT signaling pathway which is involved in development of autoimmune blistering disease PMID: 28808661
IL-31 gene polymorphisms were tightly associated with dilated cardiomyopathy susceptibility and contributed to worse prognosis in DCM patients. PMID: 28572699
This study indicated that CXCL13 rather than IL-31 may have clinical values of diagnosis and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 27663978
The first demonstration of the involvement of the IL-31/IL-31R axis in cancer came from studies in patients with mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome, the most frequent, cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Tumor cells were shown to produce IL-31, whose serum levels correlated with pruritus intensity. PMID: 28408397
IL31 and its receptor, IL31RA, are highly expressed in various human and mouse cancer cell lines, as well as in tumor specimens from cancer patients. MC38 murine colon carcinoma cells depleted of IL31 exhibit an increase in invasive and migratory properties in vitro. PMID: 28147314
this study shows that IL-31 may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and rhinitis; dust mite and mugwort allergy could increase it significantly PMID: 28303765
While serum TSLP levels were unaffected by concomitant allergies and atopic comorbidities, serum levels of IL-31, IL-33 and sST2 were affected to a small extent. We found a positive correlation between TSLP, IL-31 and IL-33, and an inverse relationship between IL-33 and sST2 PMID: 27152943
Suggest that IL-31 gene may play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID: 26769434
High IL31 expression is associated with Endometrial Cancer. PMID: 27340318
In a CML patient with pruritus receiving imatinib mesylate, IL-31 and IL-33 serum levels were significantly higher than controls. Imatinib could cause keratinocyte injury, the release of IL-33, and the consequent interaction with its receptor on mast cells, inducing IL-31 secretion. The IL-31/IL-33 axis may be involved in the pathogenesis of skin side effects related to imatinib mesylate treatment. PMID: 26316486
Distinct polymorphic variants of the IL-31 gene may be involved in the patho-genesis of mastocytosis, and IL-31 may be involved in the induction of pruritus in patients with mastocytosis. PMID: 27276346
Serum/pleural fluid IL-31 levels are elevated in tuberculous pleural effusion. PMID: 26864868
both SCF and IL-31 play an important role in mediating inflammation and enhancing severity of atopic asthma. PMID: 26853551
IL-31 affects keratinocyte differentiation in multiple ways and the IL-1 cytokine network is a major downstream effector of IL-31 signaling in deregulating the physical skin barrier. PMID: 26944931
Oncostatin M and interleukin-31: Cytokines, receptors, signal transduction and physiology. PMID: 26198770
The results of our analyses regarding serum levels and receptor expression do not suggest a central role of IL-31 in Mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome pathogenesis. PMID: 25488078
In summary, TGF-beta1 and IL-31 were linked to progression from chronic hepatitis B to liver cirrhosis, and correlated well with the severity of disease. PMID: 25710085
An increase of IL-31 serum levels in postmenopausal women with decreased bone mineral density, is shown. PMID: 26449657
a possible systemic involvement of IL-31 and the absence of a systemic involvement of IL-33 in allergic contact dermatitis. PMID: 26357000
crucial requirements for IL-31 signaling and its counter-regulation by SOCS3 PMID: 26306032
IL-31 expression in allergic rhinitis aggravated and amplified Th2 inflammation as well as mucin production PMID: 25285475
The IL-31 serum level was significantly higher in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients than in the control group but there were no positive correlation between IL-31 serum level and pruritus. PMID: 25176053
IL-31 is overexpressed in the lesional skin of LP but its expression does not correlate with intensity of pruritus. PMID: 25756056
IL-31 was increased after IVIG treatment in patients with KD and was significantly associated with CAL formation. PMID: 25122210
Case Report: sporadic lichen amyloidosis with high expression of Il31. PMID: 24573820
The results of this study suggest that the severity of atopic dermatitis in a Polish population is associated with some specific haplotypes of the IL-31 gene and renew questions concerning the role of IL-31 in pruritus in atopic dermatitis. PMID: 25534405
enhanced Th2 cytokine levels was correlated with IL-31 expression in NPs and provide a possible explanation for IL-31's regulatory role in the pathogenesis of NPs. PMID: 24515918
the results suggest that IL-31 may be a candidate gene associated with the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis PMID: 25572240
The interleukin IL-31/IL-31receptor axis contributes to tumor growth in human follicular lymphoma. PMID: 25283844
TARC and interleukin-31 may be biomarkers for adult atopic dermatitis PMID: 24984931
IL-31 may play an important role in the pathophysiology of uremic pruritus. PMID: 25270263
IL-31-positive cells were observed as mononuclear infiltrating cells and as CD11b co-expressing cells in severe atopic dermatitis samples. PMID: 24667097
Data show that STAT6 and NF-kappaB are central players in mediating IL-31 expression induced by IL-4/IL-33. PMID: 24943220
EGFR-TK inhibitors could cause keratinocytes injury, the release of IL-33 and the consequent interaction with its receptor on mast cells, that induces the secretion of several factors capable to cause skin manifestations, included IL-31 PMID: 23794184
IL-31 seems to be another sweat stimulator. PMID: 23874436
CD4+CD26- malignant cells specifically produce IL-31 and clinical resolution of pruritus correlates with decreased IL-31 levels in the circulation PMID: 23698099
IL-31 and IL-31RA are upregulated in patients with allergic rhinitis, and induce MUC5AC gene expression in human airway epithelial cells. PMID: 23392388
IL-31 induces pro-inflammatory effects in activated human macrophages via STAT-1 and 5 phosphorylation. Interleukin-31-induced ERK 1/2 activation contributes to the underlying mechanism of Th1 cytokine IL-12 suppression in macrophages. PMID: 23621408
Il-31 is not a TH2 cytokine in the classical sense but is likely to be expressed by a number of cells in an allergic situation in which IL-4 is present and possibly contribute to the allergic reaction. PMID: 23694808
hypothesize that an altered regulation of IL-31 gene expression influence clinical course of AD. The available published data and our results lend support to an important role of IL-31 gene polymorphism in AD pathogenesis PMID: 22827739
IL-31-631 T>G polymorphism was significantly associated with IL-31 blood level but not with disease susceptibility. PMID: 21952721
T cells in chronic atopic dermatitis (AD) skin produce IL-31 and AD lesions contain increased levels of these IL-31-producing T cells. PMID: 22621183
IL-31 serum levels correlate with the SCORAD score, sleeplessness, and Th2 cytokines including IL-4 and IL-13, in sixty children with the extrinsic type of atopic dermatitis. PMID: 22509760
IL-31-specific activation of dendritic cells may be part of a positive feedback loop driving the progression of inflammatory skin diseases. PMID: 22539792
Distinct SPINK5 and IL-31 gene variants (SNPs) were associated with the development of atopic eczema and non-atopic hand dermatitis in Taiwanese nurses. PMID: 22017185

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Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

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