Recombinant Human Thymosin-Beta 4 / TMSB4X Protein

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BL-1729SG

Recombinant Human Thymosin-Beta 4 / TMSB4X Protein

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BL-1729SG
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Product Overview

Tag N/A
Host Species Human
Accession P62328
Synonym T beta-4, Hematopoietic system regulatory peptide, Seraspenide, TMSB4X, TB4X, TMSB4
Background The primary function of the T beta-4 member of the Thymosin-beta family is to maintain the organization of the cell-€™s cytoskeletal structure. Produced by myoblasts and fibroblasts, TMSB4X acts as a modulator for the production and digestion of actin and to inhibit filamentous actin polymerization. TMSB4X has also been found to induce phenotypic changes in T cell lines during early host defence mechanisms and inhibit the progression of hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells into the s-phase.
Description Recombinant Human Thymosin-Beta 4 (TMSB4X) was produced in E. coli. This protein is purified with our unique purification methods.
Source E.coli
Molecular Weight 5.2 kDa
Purity For specific purity information on a given lot, see related COA.
Endotoxin < 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Formulation Recombinant protein is supplied in 50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50mM NaCl, 10mM Glutathione, 0.25mM DTT, 0.1mM EDTA, 0.1mM PMSF and 25% glycerol.
Stability The recombinant protein is stable for up to 12 months at -70°C
Usage For Research Use Only
Storage Recombinant Human Thymosin-Beta 4 / TMSB4X Protein should be stored should be stored at < -70°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function Plays an important role in the organization of the cytoskeleton. Binds to and sequesters actin monomers (G actin) and therefore inhibits actin polymerization.; Seraspenide inhibits the entry of hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells into the S-phase.
Subcellular Location Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton.
Protein Families Thymosin beta family
Database References
Tissue Specificity Expressed in several hemopoietic cell lines and lymphoid malignant cells. Decreased levels in myeloma cells.

Gene Functions References

  1. Serum Tbeta4 level can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of NASH and was negatively correlated with the oxidation state of the liver PMID: 29271227
  2. we suggest that overexpression of Tbeta4 might play a role in the progression of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors PMID: 28756979
  3. Tbeta4 exerts a protective effect on murine colitis, indicating that recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying thymosin beta4 could potentially be developed into a promising agent for the therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases. PMID: 28127198
  4. Results showed that the TMSB4 pseudogene, lncRNA-MSR, was upregulated in the damaged cartilage and was activated in chondrocytes in response to mechanical stress. Furthermore, lncRNA-MSR regulated the expression of TMSB4 by competing with miRNA-152 in chondrocytes. PMID: 27469625
  5. Tbeta4 gene silencing in A549 and H1299 cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and decreased tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed a significant decrease in Notch1 activation in Tbeta4 gene-silenced cells. PMID: 27521796
  6. Developed an innovative biotechnological method for thymosin beta4 production that employs the peptide acetylation in vivo. PMID: 27015974
  7. Serum thymosin beta4 concentrations were correlated with the occurrence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. PMID: 27086675
  8. Overexpression of Tbeta4 enhanced cell proliferation and colony formation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 26276576
  9. Tbeta-4 was validated in clinical samples using a tissue microarray to predict overall survival in colon cancer patients PMID: 26556858
  10. this study demonstrated, for the first time, that Tbeta4 was down-regulated in ROS-stimulated PDLCs as well as Tbeta4 activation exhibited anti-inflammatory effects and anti-osteoclastogenesis in vitro. PMID: 26789270
  11. this study demonstrates, for the first time, that Tbeta4 is expressed in developing periodontal tissue and that its expression is associated with osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation. PMID: 26361868
  12. This article reviews the potential role of thymosin beta 4 in liver fibrosis by describing the effects of exogenous and endogenous thymosin beta 4 , and discusses the possible signaling pathway regulated by TB4X. [review] PMID: 26006229
  13. The results of the present study suggested that Tb4 may promote HB metastasis via the induction of EMT, and that Tb4 may therefore be a target for the development of novel treatments for patients with Hepatoblastoma . PMID: 25695679
  14. these results suggest that NO could regulate the expression of Tbeta4 by direct or indirect effect of HIF-1alpha on Tbeta4 promoter. PMID: 25271630
  15. the exchange of bound actin between Tbeta4 and profilin involves both steric and allosteric components. PMID: 25313062
  16. Thymosin beta4 induces invasion and migration of human colorectal cancer cells through the ILK/AKT/beta-catenin signaling pathway. PMID: 25218472
  17. Regarding HCC, Tbeta4 reactivity was detected in 7/23 cases (30%) and Tbeta10 reactivity in 22/23 (97%) cases analyzed, adding HCC to human cancers that express these beta-thymosins. PMID: 24704991
  18. Thymosin beta-4 levels in the serum and synovial fluid of knee osteoarthritis patients are significantly correlated with disease severity. PMID: 23816466
  19. Thymosin beta 4 silencing in glioblastoma cells inhibits cell migration and invasion. PMID: 24355709
  20. cell trafficking of thymosin beta-4 PMID: 23967050
  21. Tbeta4 expression was upregulated significantly in primary and recurrent colorectal cancers PMID: 24098025
  22. Tbeta4 expression was also co-localized with CD133 expression in primary ovarian carcinomas. PMID: 23055022
  23. Detection its amino acid conservation suggest an important role of Tb4 in the homeostasis of the mammalian oral cavity. PMID: 23262355
  24. Thymosin beta4 could be associated with morphogenesis and tumor invasion in ameloblastoma and may play a role in the behavior of ameloblastoma. PMID: 23235961
  25. Tbeta4 plays a key role in odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. PMID: 23613983
  26. Tbeta4 is an important myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) regulator that controls the G-actin-MRTF-A interaction.Tbeta4 competed with MRTF-A for G-actin binding, thus interfering with G-actin-MRTF-A complex formation. PMID: 23811404
  27. REVIEW: role of Tbeta4 in thrombosis and platelet aggregation PMID: 22944663
  28. Thymosin beta4 expression reveals intriguing similarities between fetal and cancer cells. PMID: 23045970
  29. investigated whether GSK-3 activity is regulated by thymosin beta-4 (Tbeta4) and associated with Tbeta4-mediated migration in gastric cancer cells; expression of GSK-3alpha, beta-catenin and E-cadherin could be negatively regulated by Tbeta4 induced ERK phosphorylation; suggests that Tbeta4 could be a novel regulator to control Wnt signal pathway PMID: 22328534
  30. The Our data confirm the concept that externally added Tbeta4 must be internalized to induce intracellular mechanisms supporting endothelial cell migration. PMID: 22652458
  31. Thymosin beta4 Tbeta4 may play an important role in bone degradation and inflammation in RA but not OA. PMID: 22004227
  32. kininogen-1 and thymosin-beta(4) are potential new biomarkers for human chronic hepatitis C. PMID: 21496200
  33. Tbeta4 is regulated by IL-18 and is involved in IL-18-enhanced IFN-gamma secretion in NK cells. PMID: 21742406
  34. Elevated expression of thymosin beta4 is associated with early-stage cervical cancers. PMID: 21213129
  35. Thymosin beta4 may play a role in diabetic retinal neovascularization. PMID: 21332672
  36. findings suggest that Tbeta4 by sequestering actin prevents binding of AKT, thus inhibiting its phosphorylation PMID: 21514425
  37. The expression of thymosin beta4 is highly related with tumorigenesis of certain tumors including the osteosarcoma and colorectal cancers. PMID: 20975530
  38. Describe beta-thymosins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of scleroderma lung disease. PMID: 21314931
  39. we have identified an extracellular signaling pathway where Tbeta4 increases cell surface ATP levels via ATP synthase and have shown further that ATP-responsive P2X4 receptor is required for Tbeta4-induced cell migration PMID: 21106936
  40. overexpression of Tbeta4 is strongly associated with HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha expression and is also clinicopathologically involved with lymph node metastatic potential of breast cancer PMID: 21109953
  41. The TB4 could be a hypoxia responsive regulator to control tumor cell migration in angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. PMID: 20821256
  42. colorectal cancer stem cells from different patients have higher Tbeta4 levels than normal epithelial cells PMID: 20566622
  43. Data in colon cancer tissue microarray showed that thymosin beta4 and HIF-1alpha co-localized in these biopsies. PMID: 20691219
  44. Data show a strong expression of Tbeta(4) in gut and endocrine pancreas during development. PMID: 20161756
  45. study demonstrated a clear relationship between reductions in serum thymosin beta4 level and severity of hepatitis B virus-related liver failure PMID: 20128033
  46. Data show that thymosin beta4 was differentially expressed in HGF-treated HUVECs compared with control. PMID: 12163032
  47. araC regulates the transcriptional level of thymosin beta4 and actin PMID: 12962156
  48. in response to T beta 4 stimulation, AP-1 activity increases to enhance PAI-1 transcription through its unique AP-1-like element at -59 to -52 in the PAI-1 promoter. PMID: 14592829
  49. upregulation of Tbeta-4, by promoting the disruption of cell-cell adhesion and consequential activation of the beta-catenin signaling, could be event in the acquisition of growth advantages as well as invasive phenotypes in human colorectal carcinomas PMID: 15235586
  50. activated factor XIII incorporates thymosin beta(4) into the isolated gamma-module and alphaC-domain (fibrinogen A alpha); in fibrin the latter serves as the major incorporation site PMID: 15311936

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.

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