Recombinant Mouse Granzyme A (GZMA) Protein (His-B2M)

Name: Recombinant Mouse Granzyme A (GZMA) Protein (His-B2M)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-02929P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: Fc receptors, Other recombinant proteins, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse Granzyme A (GZMA) Protein (His-B2M) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P11032
Target Symbol	GZMA
Synonyms	Gzma; Ctla-3; Ctla3; Mtsp-1; Granzyme A; EC 3.4.21.78; Autocrine thymic lymphoma granzyme-like serine protease; CTLA-3; Fragmentin-1; T cell-specific serine protease 1; TSP-1
Species	Mus musculus (Mouse)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-B2M
Target Protein Sequence	IIGGDTVVPHSRPYMALLKLSSNTICAGALIEKNWVLTAAHCNVGKRSKFILGAHSINKEPEQQILTVKKAFPYPCYDEYTREGDLQLVRLKKKATVNRNVAILHLPKKGDDVKPGTRCRVAGWGRFGNKSAPSETLREVNITVIDRKICNDEKHYNFHPVIGLNMICAGDLRGGKDSCNGDSGSPLLCDGILRGITSFGGEKCGDRRWPGVYTFLSDKHLNWIKKIMKGSV
Expression Range	29-260aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	39.6kDa
Research Area	Cell Biology
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Abundant protease in the cytosolic granules of cytotoxic T-cells and NK-cells which activates caspase-independent pyroptosis when delivered into the target cell through the immunological synapse. It cleaves after Lys or Arg. Cleaves APEX1 after 'Lys-31' and destroys its oxidative repair activity. Cleaves the nucleosome assembly protein SET after 'Lys-189', which disrupts its nucleosome assembly activity and allows the SET complex to translocate into the nucleus to nick and degrade the DNA.
Subcellular Location	Secreted. Cytoplasmic granule.
Protein Families	Peptidase S1 family, Granzyme subfamily
Database References	KEGG: mmu:14938 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000023897 UniGene: Mm.15510
Tissue Specificity	Found in cytotoxic lymphocytes and in normal lymphoid tissues such as thymus and spleen.; [Isoform HF1]: More abundant in lymphoid tissues than isoform HF2.

Gene Functions References

GzmA and gzmB were predominantly expressed by natural killer cells, and during abdominal sepsis, the percentage of these cells expressing gzms in peritoneal lavage fluid decreased, while the amount of expression in the gzm(+) cells increased PMID: 28694562
a novel endogenous trigger for autoimmune diabetes and an in vivo role for granzyme A in maintaining immune tolerance. PMID: 28733313
this study shows that gzmA and gzmB partly regulate local inflammation during early pneumonia but eventually play an insignificant role during pneumosepsis by the common human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae PMID: 26894590
Granzyme A does not have a crucial role in vivo in the protective response to tuberculosis. PMID: 27055232
Data indicate N-terminomics on the human and mouse granzymes A and K by combined fractional diagonal chromatography (COFRADIC). PMID: 25383893
The results, in susceptible B6 mice for GzmB and in resistant 129/Sv mice for GzmA and/or the GzmB cluster, point to granzyme-mediated host defense regulation in the liver in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. PMID: 25452549
Estrogen increases the extracellular expression and interleukin (IL)-12-induced activity of a critical member of serine protease family granzyme A. PMID: 24840346
functional divergence between human and mouse granzyme A PMID: 24505135
We have demonstrated that cell death can be induced when mGzmA is delivered by primary natural killer cells via authentic Cytotoxic lymphocyte/target cell interactions. PMID: 23744295
Regulated secretion of granzyme A and cytotoxic killing was enhanced and correlated with increased vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 availability. PMID: 23084031
GzmA deficiency in filarial infection is linked with reduced inflammation and a trend toward increased alternatively activated macrophages. PMID: 21248253
granzyme A- and B-cluster deficiency delays the acute progression of pneumovirus disease by reducing alveolar injury. PMID: 20018616
the genes for perforin, the three major T cell granzymes (A-C) and IFN-gamma are differentially expressed during primary activation of naive CD8(+) T cells, kinetically and at the single-cell level PMID: 12039912
granzyme A and granzyme B have a similar potential to induce rapid perf-mediated apoptosis but that their individual contribution to the underlying intracellular process is dictated by the quality of the target cell PMID: 12115618
NK cell mediated tumor control is dependent on granzymes. PMID: 12355441
some cytolytic T lymphocytes mature into perforin/granzyme-expressing effector cells in the mediastinal lymph node and are detectable when they accumulate in lung infection PMID: 12601154
In all tumor models examined thus far, granzyme A is not necessary for tumor rejection mediated by the perforin pathway in vivo. PMID: 12847210
gzmA and gzmB induce multiple independent cell death pathways; all gzm-induced apoptotic features analyzed depend critically on perf. PMID: 15534000
polymorphonuclear leukocytes from mice and humans lack the 3 cytotoxic effector molecules, gzmA, granzyme B, and perforin, generally associated with natural killer and cytotoxic T lymphocytes PMID: 15998831
IL-2 increased the expression of perforin and granzyme A, B, and C mRNA; induction of granzyme A, B, and C mRNA required exogenous IL-2, whereas induction of perforin and IFN-gamma expression did not. PMID: 16339537
CTLs from granzyme AB(-/-) mice induce target cell death by a unique mechanism that is distinct from both perforin lysis and apoptosis. PMID: 16606695
Mouse granzyme B is 30 times less cytotoxic than human granzyme B and does not require Bid for killing but regains cytotoxicity on engineering of its active site cleft. Mouse granzyme A is considerably more cytotoxic than human granzyme A. PMID: 17116752
Skin-, but not lung-associated primary mast cells as well as in vitro-differentiated bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) express granzyme (gzm) B, but not gzmA or perforin (perf). PMID: 17599099
GzmA accesses the mitochondrial matrix to cleave the complex I protein NDUFS3, an iron-sulfur subunit of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex I. PMID: 18485875
grzK plays an important role in CD8(+) T-cell cytotoxicity both in the presence and absence of grzA and B. PMID: 18788942
the granule secretory pathway plays an unexpected role in inflammation, with GzmA acting as an endogenous modulator. PMID: 18951048
Neither gzmA nor gzmB is required for rapid and efficient in vivo cytotoxicity by cytotoxic T (Tc) cells. PMID: 19525394

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.