Recombinant Mouse Lymphotoxin-Alpha (LTA) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Mouse Lymphotoxin-Alpha (LTA) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-00025P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: Cytokines, Cytokines and growth factors, Recombinant proteins, Tumor necrosis factors and receptors (tnfs)

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse Lymphotoxin-Alpha (LTA) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P09225
Target Symbol	LTA
Synonyms	Lta; Tnfb; Tnfsf1; Lymphotoxin-alpha; LT-alpha; TNF-beta; Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 1
Species	Mus musculus (Mouse)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	LSGVRFSAARTAHPLPQKHLTHGILKPAAHLVGYPSKQNSLLWRASTDRAFLRHGFSLSNNSLLIPTSGLYFVYSQVVFSGESCSPRAIPTPIYLAHEVQLFSSQYPFHVPLLSAQKSVYPGLQGPWVRSMYQGAVFLLSKGDQLSTHTDGISHLHFSPSSVFFGAFAL
Expression Range	34-202aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	23.8 kDa
Research Area	Cancer
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Cytokine that in its homotrimeric form binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1, TNFRSF1B/TNFBR and TNFRSF14/HVEM. In its heterotrimeric form with LTB binds to TNFRSF3/LTBR. Lymphotoxin is produced by lymphocytes and is cytotoxic for a wide range of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.
Subcellular Location	Secreted. Membrane.
Protein Families	Tumor necrosis factor family
Database References	KEGG: mmu:16992 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000025266 UniGene: Mm.87787

Gene Functions References

Lymphotoxin alpha has a role in regulating T cell clonal deletion by regulating thymic entry of antigen-presenting cells PMID: 29593265
TNF/Lymphotoxin alpha/beta deficiency influences PM2.5 exposure-induced response of energy metabolism through alterations in both food intake and energy expenditure. PMID: 28917655
Expression of LT alpha and beta on acinar cells in mice led to chronic pancreatitis and sufficed to reproduce key features of human autoimmune pancreatitis including the development of autoimmunity and AIP associated secondary extra pancreatic pathologies. PMID: 24508087
These data highlight a previously undiscovered role of RORgammat(+) ILCs for NK cell development and define LT from ILCs as an essential molecule for the stromal microenvironment supporting NK cell development PMID: 24913234
These data demonstrate that lymphotoxin-expressing cells, such as Th1 cells, mediate stromal keratitis. PMID: 23850656
TNFalpha and LTalpha mediate post-myocardial infarction cardiac dysfunction via TNFR1 stimulation, whereas TNFR2 activation is cardioprotective against ischemic injury. PMID: 23704873
findings show that soluble lymphotoxin alpha (sLTalpha3) produced by RORgammat(+) innate lymphoid cells controls T cell-dependent IgA induction in the lamina propria via regulation of T cell homing to the gut PMID: 24311691
Data suggest that among many cytokines increased after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R), lymphotoxin-alpha (Lta) is the only cytokine remaining elevated 24-72 h after reperfusion; LTa appears to suppress adiponectin expression following MI/R. PMID: 23360826
study reports that mice deficient in lymphotoxin, a key molecule in gut immunity, were resistant to diet-induced obesity PMID: 22922363
Data from lymphotoxin-alpha knockout mice suggest that lymphotoxin-alpha contributes to diet-induced weight gain and adiposity (leading to obesity) and is required to modulate accumulation of immune cells in adipose tissue (as in obesity). PMID: 22318945
isolated a lysine-deficient mutant LTalpha, LT-K0, with almost identical bioactivity to that of wtLTalpha against mouse LM cells PMID: 21871814
Grafts deficient in lymphotoxin-alpha have an attenuated capacity to induce graft-versus-host disease. PMID: 19789388
LTalpha plays a significant role in lymphatic vessel function and in inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis PMID: 20566898
Our findings suggest a contribution of lymphotoxin alpha in the control of chronic M. tuberculosis infection. PMID: 20817877
Data show show that targeted mutation of the lymphotoxin alpha (LTalpha) gene efficiently rescued tumor-reactive T cells, drastically reduced cancer incidence, and almost completely ablated metastasis. PMID: 19805094
The organogenesis of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) occurs independently of lymphotoxin alpha; however, the organization and recruitment of lymphocytes within NALT are dependent on LT alpha. PMID: 11801629
Loss of lymphotoxin-alpha but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha reduces atherosclerosis in mice PMID: 11809756
Control of experimental Trypanosoma brucei infections occurs independently of lymphotoxin-alpha induction. PMID: 11854219
role in T-cell activation during an acute infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) PMID: 11907234
Locally up-regulated lymphotoxin alpha, not systemic tumor necrosis factor alpha, is the principle mediator of murine cerebral malaria. PMID: 12021316
TNF-alpha and LT-alpha-deficient mice exhibit significantly improved morbidity and mortality during zymosan-induced MODS PMID: 12069182
LT-alpha-deficient mice can generate antigen-specific CD8 T cells in response to infection with influenza A virus; however, appearance of the immune response is delayed for 2 to 3 days. PMID: 12391242
Regulates spleen white pulp structure and function. (REVIEW) PMID: 12405187
TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin-alpha are required for loss of BM B lineage cells during respiratory infection with influenza virus. PMID: 12444124
microenvironment in peripheral lymphoid organs associated with lymphotoxin alpha/lymphotoxin beta-lymphotoxin beta receptor signaling and chemokine production is critical for recruitment efficiency of dendritic cells PMID: 12560241
role in lymphoid organ neogenesis PMID: 12732657
Formation of isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) in the small intestine is dependent upon LT; interactions of LT with its receptor LT beta-R are not required for ILF during gestation and can occur in adults. PMID: 12759424
Compared with wild type mice, deficiency of lymphotoxin-alpha and/or TNF results in reduced production of inducible NO synthase, failure to control Toxoplasma gondii in the brain, and impaired toxoplasmastatic activity of macrophages. PMID: 12794148
membrane LT-alpha is important in resistance to Theiler's virus infection PMID: 12882833
Since Ltalpha is detrimental in inflammation and demyelination, but not necessary for remyelination and repair, inhibiting Ltalpha signaling may represent a promising strategy to treat MS. PMID: 15382206
Lymphotoxin alpha- and lymphotoxin beta receptor-dependent interactions are required to initiate postnatal development of small intestinal lymphoid aggregates. PMID: 15585839
Contributes to nasal-associated lymphoid tissue development and function through regulation of lymphoid chemokines and adhesion molecules. PMID: 15632007
The lymphotoxin alpha signaling pathway is an essential effector pathway for host defense against the beta-herpesvirus muromegalovirus (MCMV). PMID: 15905567
Blockade of the LT signaling pathway exacerbates the development and progression of collagen-induced arthritis, probably by skewing the Th1/Th2 balance that determines the outcome of autoimmune responses PMID: 16200624
High cholesterol diet causes an abnormal metabolic phenotype (hepatic steatosis) in the absence of TNFbeta signal. PMID: 16406654
The phenotype of the new LTalphaDelta/Delta mice indicates that LTalpha plays a smaller role in lymphoid organ maintenance than previously thought and has no direct role in the regulation of TNF expression. PMID: 16705172
Data show that signaling of lymphotoxin (LT) alphabeta through the LTbeta receptor (LTbetaR) is indispensable for regulating peripheral but not thymic Valpha14i NKT cell numbers. PMID: 16751279
Ectopic expression of type II collagen (CII)in medullary thymic epithelial cells and the corresponding central tolerance to CII are lymphotoxin dependent. PMID: 16785524
Lymphotoxin alpha and tumour necrosis factor are not required for control of parasite growth, but differentially regulate cytokine production during Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS infection. PMID: 17266742
Expression of lymphotoxin-alphabeta on antigen-specific T cells is required for dendritic cell function. PMID: 17452522
Lymphotoxin alphabeta2 (membrane lymphotoxin) plays a critical role in resistance to Leishmania major by promoting effective T cell-mediated anti-Leishmania immunity. PMID: 17911622
A subtle function of the newly identified lymphotoxin alpha-Troy pathway is revealed in skin appendage development. PMID: 18202551
The postnatal development of the splenic white pulp, involving the influx of T cells, depends on LTalpha1beta2 expressed by B cells. PMID: 18403646
Data suggest that although lymphotoxin-alpha does not contribute significantly to the resistance and host responses of mice to airborne type A F. tularensis infection, it does play a subtle role in the multiplication/dissemination of F. tularensis. PMID: 18769490
The adaptive immune system directly regulates liver regeneration via a T cell-derived lymphotoxin axis (LTalpha, LTbeta, LTbetaR). PMID: 18952083
cigarette smoke induces pulmonary expression of lymphoid chemokines CXCL13 and CCL19 in a LTalphabeta-LTbetaR-dependent fashion PMID: 19164352
both LTalpha and tumor necrosis factor are essential for the regulation of the granuloma, but they have distinctive roles in the recruitment of lymphocytes and maintenance of the granulomatous response during chronic M. leprae infection. PMID: 19246648
LTalpha(1)beta(2) and LTbeta receptor signals control development and maintenance of the mature marginal sinus(MS)structure and implicate MAdCAM-1 in the structuring of the MS endothelial cells that is important for movement of immune cells in the spleen. PMID: 19303389
Sustained LT signaling represents a pathway involved in hepatitis-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 19800575

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.