Recombinant Mouse Platelet Factor 4 (PF4), Active

Name: Recombinant Mouse Platelet Factor 4 (PF4), Active
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-05492P
Availability: InStock

Collections: Chemokines and receptors, Cytokines, Cytokines and growth factors, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse Platelet Factor 4 (PF4), Active is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 97% as determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC.
Endotoxin	Less than 1.0 EU/μg as determined by LAL method.
Activity	Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using human neutrophils is in a concentration of 10-100ng/ml.
Uniprotkb	Q9Z126
Target Symbol	PF4
Synonyms	Pf4; Cxcl4; Scyb4; Platelet factor 4; PF-4; C-X-C motif chemokine 4
Species	Mus musculus (Mouse)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	Tag-Free
Complete Sequence	VTSAGPEESD GDLSCVCVKT ISSGIHLKHI TSLEVIKAGR HCAVPQLIAT LKNGRKICLD RQAPLYKKVI KKILES
Expression Range	30-105aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	8.2 kDa
Research Area	Immunology
Form	Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm sterile filtered 20 mM PB, 1.5 M NaCl, pH 7.4.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Released during platelet aggregation. Neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin because it binds more strongly to heparin than to the chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the carrier molecule. Chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes. Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family
Database References	KEGG: mmu:56744 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000031320 UniGene: Mm.332490

Gene Functions References

these data demonstrate that PF4 has an important role in increasing B cell differentiation in the bone marrow environment PMID: 28914425
these results identify CXCL4 as a vital immunoregulatory chemokine essential for protecting mice against influenza A virus infection, especially as it affects the development of lung injury and neutrophil mobilization to the inflamed lung PMID: 28120850
These results indicate that CXCL4 is a novel Ni-binding protein that augments Ni allergy at the elicitation and sensitization phases. This is the first study to demonstrate that the Ni-binding protein augments Ni allergy in vivo. PMID: 28319310
PF4 was produced by Ly6G+CD11b+ immature myeloid cells in the early stage premetastatic lungs, and decreased during metastatic progression. PMID: 27223426
These data demonstrate that the CXCR2 network and CXCL4 play a role in the maintenance of normal HSC/HPC cell fates, including survival and self-renewal. PMID: 27222476
Platelet-derived CXCL7 and CXCL4 contribute to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. PMID: 27755915
CXCL4 plays an important role in pancreatic inflammation PMID: 27183218
Platelet secretion of CXCL4 is Rac1-dependent and regulates neutrophil infiltration and tissue damage in septic lung damage PMID: 26478565
PF4 has a complex intramedullary life cycle with important implications in megakaryopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell replication not seen with other tested alpha granule proteins. PMID: 26256688
Heparin enhances antigen uptake and activation of the initial steps in the cellular immune response to PF4-containing complexes. PMID: 25960020
Data indicate that platelet factor 4 (PF4) is involved directly in liver innate immune response against ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by regulating Th17 cell differentiation. PMID: 25440775
CXCL4 regulates hematopoietic stem cell cell cycle activity. PMID: 25326802
Platelet factor 4 has a role in regulating Th17 differentiation and cardiac allograft rejection PMID: 24463452
Histones regulate activated protein C formation in a manner similar to PF4 and suggest heparinoids may be benificial in sepsis. PMID: 24177324
PF4 drives a vascular smooth muscle inflammatory phenotype including a decline in differentiation markers, increased cytokine production, and cell proliferation. PMID: 23568488
PF4 expression on intestinal epithelial cells is increased after IR at both the mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that may PF4 represent an important mediator of local and remote tissue damage. PMID: 22792197
These results suggest that Cxcl4 and Cxcl7 play a role in the development of neurobehavioral alterations that are triggered by in utero TCDD exposure and later surface in adults. PMID: 21509788
PF4 may have a role in bacterial defense, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is probably a misdirected antibacterial host defense mechanism. PMID: 20959601
In vivo, half-life and diffusibility of CXCL4L1 compared with Cxcl4 is strongly increased. PMID: 20688960
These data indicate that PF4 induction of monocyte KLF4 expression may be an important step in the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria. PMID: 20454664
Micronutrients effectively promote tumor dormancy in early prostate cancer by inducing platelet factor-4 expression and concentrating it at the tumor endothelium through enhanced platelet binding. PMID: 20525356
CXC chemokine ligand 4 (Cxcl4) is a platelet-derived mediator of experimental liver fibrosis. PMID: 20162727
important role for PF4 in thrombosis and neutralization of PF4 is an important component of heparin's anticoagulant effect. PMID: 14764524
Platelet factor 4 and interleukin-8 CXC chemokine heterodimer formation modulates function at the quaternary structural level PMID: 15531763
the PF4 storage pathway in alpha-granules is not a default pathway, but rather a regular granule storage pathway probably requiring specific sorting mechanisms PMID: 15613031
analysis of granule targeting sequence within platelet factor 4 PMID: 15964840
clinical heterogeneity in the HIT immune response may be due in part to requirements for specific biophysical parameters of the PF4/heparin complexes that occur in settings of intense platelet activation and PF4 release PMID: 17848616
platelet-associated PF-4, but not its plasma counterpart, may represent a potential biomarker of early tumor presence PMID: 17914028
platelet specific chemokine PF4 promotes atherosclerotic lesion development in vivo PMID: 18000617
Brain microglia are a cellular source of CXCL4 gene expression. PMID: 18248618
platelet-derived PF4 contributes to immune activation and T cell trafficking as part of the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria . PMID: 18692777
Platelet factor 4 regulates megakaryopoiesis through low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) on megakaryocytes. PMID: 19605848

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.