Biotinylated Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) Protein (mFc-Avi), Active

Name: Biotinylated Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) Protein (mFc-Avi), Active
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-05827P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Activity Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized human GH1 at 2 μg/ml can bind Biotinylated human GHR, the EC 50 is 2.067-3.208 ng/ml. Biological Activity Assay

Collections: Avi-tagged proteins, Biotinylated proteins, Featured biotinylated protein molecules, Other recombinant proteins, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Biotinylated Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) Protein (mFc-Avi), Active is produced by our Mammalian cell expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Endotoxin	Less than 1.0 EU/ug as determined by LAL method.
Activity	Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized human GH1 at 2 μg/ml can bind Biotinylated human GHR, the EC 50 is 2.067-3.208 ng/ml.
Uniprotkb	P10912
Target Symbol	GHR
Synonyms	(GH-binding protein)(GHBP)(Serum-binding protein)
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	Mammalian cell
Tag	C-mFc-Avi
Target Protein Sequence	AILSRAPWSLQSVNPGLKTNSSKEPKFTKCRSPERETFSCHWTDEVHHGTKNLGPIQLFYTRRNTQEWTQEWKECPDYVSAGENSCYFNSSFTSIWIPYCIKLTSNGGTVDEKCFSVDEIVQPDPPIALNWTLLNVSLTGIHADIQVRWEAPRNADIQKGWMVLEYELQYKEVNETKWKMMDPILTTSVPVYSLKVDKEYEVRVRSKQRNSGNYGEFSEVLYVTLPQMSQFTCEEDFY
Expression Range	27-264aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	56.6 kDa
Form	Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered PBS, 6% Trehalose, pH 7.4
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Receptor for pituitary gland growth hormone involved in regulating postnatal body growth. On ligand binding, couples to the JAK2/STAT5 pathway.; The soluble form (GHBP) acts as a reservoir of growth hormone in plasma and may be a modulator/inhibitor of GH signaling.; Isoform 2 up-regulates the production of GHBP and acts as a negative inhibitor of GH signaling.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; [Isoform 2]: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Protein Families	Type I cytokine receptor family, Type 1 subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 4263 OMIM: 143890 KEGG: hsa:2690 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000230882 UniGene: Hs.125180
Associated Diseases	Laron syndrome (LARS); Growth hormone insensitivity, partial (GHIP)
Tissue Specificity	Expressed in various tissues with high expression in liver and skeletal muscle. Isoform 4 is predominantly expressed in kidney, bladder, adrenal gland and brain stem. Isoform 1 expression in placenta is predominant in chorion and decidua. Isoform 4 is hig

Gene Functions References

co-administration of Ghr and GH is a promising therapeutic tool for reversing immunosuppression caused by sepsis in the geriatric population. PMID: 28115288
Growth hormone receptor gene polymorphism is associated with scoliosis in Prader-Willi syndrome. PMID: 29273483
Study in lung cancer BEAS-2B cells shows that SOCS2 binding to the growth hormone receptor (GHR) is impaired by a GHR threonine substitution at Pro 495. This results in decreased internalisation and degradation of the receptor. PMID: 28967904
Genotype frequencies of four growth hormone receptor SNPs (rs2972781, rs6451620, rs12518414, and rs7727047) significantly differed between Han and Hani obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients groups, indicating ethnic differences. The A allele frequency of the rs12518414 polymorphism and G allele frequency of the rs7727047 were significantly higher in Han OSAS patients compared with Hani patients. PMID: 29651721
Until now, more than 90 GHR mutations relevant to human short stature (Laron syndrome and idiopathic short stature), including deletions, missense, nonsense, frameshift, and splice site mutations, and four GHR defects associated with chicken dwarfism, have been described. PMID: 29748515
GHRH and GHRH-R are expressed in human adipocytes and are negatively associated; GHRH at low doses may exert an anti-obesity effect by inhibiting HMSC differentiation in adipocytes and by increasing adipocyte lipolysis in an autocrine or paracrine pathway; these effects are mediated by GH and GH-R PMID: 28626214
Genetic variations at the human growth hormone receptor gene locus are associated with idiopathic short stature. PMID: 28557176
Short small for gestational age children carrying the d3-GHR polymorphism had increased spontaneous growth, lower Insulin sensitivity and a compensatory increase in glucose, C-peptide and insulin before GH therapy compared to children homozygous for the full-length allele. PMID: 28719834
In a meta-analysis of a combined group of 324 acromegaly patients obtained from 4 separate study cohorts, the presence of 1 or 2 copies of the exon 3 deletion-GHR polymorphism had no significant effect on the lowest insulin-like growth factor I levels during pegvisomant treatment nor on the required pegvisomant dose to achieve these levels. PMID: 27513761
Data suggest that subjects with 6Psi GHR point mutation [intronic GHR pseudoexon mutation 6Psi, base change A(-1) to G(-1) in intron 6] exhibit heterogeneity in phenotype and in response to therapy with rhIGF1 (recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I); there is mismatch between clinical and biochemical features in patients with this GHR mutations; rhIGF1 treatment improves target height outcomes in these patients. PMID: 29500309
these results show that GHR polymorphism is associated with the length and width of the lip PMID: 28415752
Our set of findings identify an unknown mechanism of GH regulation in mediating melanoma drug resistance and validates GHR as a unique therapeutic target for sensitizing highly therapy-resistant human melanoma cells to lower doses of anti-cancer drugs. PMID: 28293855
The results suggest that both of the possible single mutation-containing heteromeric GH-GHR complexes, as well as the double GHR mutant complex result in perturbation of complex structures, with altered ability of the GHR dimers to interact with the GH peptide. PMID: 28523647
GHR and PRLR associate in complexes comprised of GHR-GHR/PRLR-PRLR heteromers consisting of GHR homodimers and PRLR homodimers, rather than GHR-PRLR heterodimers. PMID: 27003442
d3/d3 GHR genotype was found twice as frequent in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) cohorts compared to small for gestational age (SGA) subjects, whereas no significant differences in the frequency distribution of the GHR genotypes between LGA and AGA newborns were detected. PMID: 25411947
Molecular interactions of EphA4, growth hormone receptor, Jak2, and STAT5B have been described. PMID: 28686668
GHR levels correlate with levels of lipases and lipid droplet-associated proteins crucial for lipolysis. Thus, higher GHR expression in the abdominal depot when compared with the gluteal depot may underlie the in vivo effect of GH to specifically reduce abdominal adipose tissue mass. PMID: 27015877
There was a strong relationship between growth hormone receptor (GHR)-d3/fl gene polymorphism status and leptin levels in acromegalic patients PMID: 28791847
GHR exon 3 genotype appears to have no clinical significance, at least in Brazilian acromegaly patients. PMID: 27001494
No differences were observed in GHR genotype distribution between the idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (IGHD)patients and the control group. Patients with IGHD did not differ among each other depending on their genotype (fl/fl-GHR or fl/d3-GHR) in terms of growth velocity before introducing therapy or growth rate after one year of recombinant human GH therapy. PMID: 27857044
GHR-exon 3 polymorphisms did not show any consistent association with clinical and laboratory features of acromegalic patients even after treatment. PMID: 25552351
We report a rapid, optimized method for genotyping the GHR full-length versus exon 3-deleted isoform (GHRd3) PMID: 26067082
Data indicate that growth hormone binding protein (GHR) and KCNQ1 potassium channel variants with large effects on stature. PMID: 26366551
Association between GHR/exon-3 variants and serum GH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in diabetes and coronary heart disease. PMID: 25977383
Data suggest that cell membrane/lipid bilayer binding of GHR intracellular domain is independent of transient changes in protein secondary structure of GHR. PMID: 25846210
The d3-GHR variant genotype did not have an effect on clinical features or comorbidity in acromegalic patients, but it might play a role in GH/IGF-1 level discordance in acromegaly. PMID: 24706164
Genetic and epigenetic variation at the GHR and IGF-1 loci play a major role as independent modulators of individual GH sensitivity. PMID: 25835289
The E180splice mutation in the GHR gene causing Laron syndrome. PMID: 24664892
A soluble IGF-1R extracellular domain fragment (sol IGF-1R) interacts with GHR in response to GH. PMID: 25211187
Effective mandibular length (condylion-gnathion) and lower face height (anterior nasal spina-menton) were associated with P561T variant. finding supports GHR might be candidate gene for mandibular morphogenesis in this population. PMID: 24654940
miRNA (miR)-129-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-202, and miR-16 are potent inhibitors of human GHR expression in normal (HEK293) and cancer (MCF7 and LNCaP) cells. PMID: 25073105
The GHRd3 genotype was negatively associated with birth size but it was not associated with adult height or weight, plasma IGF1, metabolic phenotype or any marker of increased cardiovascular risk in young adults PMID: 24893921
The growth hormone receptor d3/fl polymorphism was found to be of functional relevance and associated with central adiposity. PMID: 25391539
Altogether, GHR silencing controls the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and reveals its importance in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. PMID: 25301264
The GC genotype of rs6898743 in the GHR gene was negatively associated with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. PMID: 24608110
In the Brazilian population, GHR exon 3 polymorphism is a severity-related risk factor for osteoporosis, but does not appear to be associated with disease status. PMID: 23812803
The c.266+83G>T is the second intronic GHR mutation identified that activates a cryptic 5' donor splice site and is responsible for Laron syndrome. PMID: 24296660
An intronic GHR mutation should be considered in all patients with signs of growth hormone insensitivity and no coding exon mutations, even if the phenotype is mild and even if other genetic variants have been found. PMID: 24335149
Obtained data revealed remarkable increase in the expression levels of GHR and NEDD9 proteins in both epithelial and stromal components of axillary lymph node metastases in comparison with those of non-metastatic tumours. PMID: 24676793
This study suggests for the first time that exon 3 deletion of GHR may predispose patients with active and controlled acromegaly to a higher risk of vertebral fractures. PMID: 24866575
GHR-exon 3 polymorphism is not associated with idiopathic short stature. PMID: 23999134
GHRd3 polymorphism seemed only to have a weak influence on male reproductive function of borderline significance. PMID: 24412931
siRNA targeted inhibition of GHR in human colon cancer SW480 cells resulted in anti-tumor effects in nude mice. PMID: 24307807
GHRs occur as approximately 500-kDa complexes that dimerize into active approximately 900-kDa complexes upon GH binding. The dimerized complexes act as platforms for transient interaction with JAK2 and ubiquitin ligases. PMID: 24280222
growth hormone receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin-like growth factors binding protein-3 have a role in the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancers, especially squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 24022308
In women, the d3-GHR polymorphism was associated with symptomatic osteoarthritis, especially at the hip site. PMID: 23740230
The presence of growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene polymorphism affects growth hormone treatment of the Prader-Willi syndrome patients PMID: 23696513
genetic association study in a population in Sweden: Data suggest that, among patients with growth hormone deficiency treated with hormone replacement therapy, homozygotes of full-length deletion of GHR respond better than those with exon 3 deletion. PMID: 24114431
Data suggest growth hormone (GH) potentiates estradiol effects on proliferation in breast cancer cells expressing high levels of GHR; GH/GHR signaling overcomes proliferative effect of insulin-like growth factor I receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition. PMID: 23782942
the GHR and IGF1 genes may have a role in African pygmies' short stature. PMID: 23047741

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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