Recombinant Human Androgen Receptor Protein (Tagged)

Name: Recombinant Human Androgen Receptor Protein (Tagged)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLA-12147P
Availability: InStock

Collections: Other recombinant proteins, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Host Species	Human
Accession	P10275
Synonym	AIS ANDR_HUMAN Androgen nuclear receptor variant 2 Androgen receptor Androgen receptor (dihydrotestosterone receptor; testicular feminization; spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; Kennedy disease) androgen receptor splice variant 4b AR AR8 DHTR Dihydro testosterone receptor Dihydrotestosterone receptor Dihydrotestosterone receptor (DHTR) HUMARA HYSP1 KD Kennedy disease (KD) NR3C4 Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4 Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4 (NR3C4) SBMA SMAX1 Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) Testicular Feminization (TFM) TFM
Description	Recombinant Human Androgen Receptor Protein (Tagged) was expressed in E.coli. It is a Protein fragment
Source	E.coli
AA Sequence	DYYFPPQKTCLICGDEASGCHYGALTCGSCKVFFKRAAEGKQKYLCASRN DCTIDKFRRKNCPSCRLRKCYEAGMTLGARKLKKLGNLKLQEEGEASSTT SPTEETTQKLTVSHIEGYECQPIFLNVLEAIEPGVVCAGHDNNQPDSFAA LLSSLNELGERQLVHVVKWAKALPGFRNLHVDDQMAVIQYSWMGLMVFAM GWRSFTNVNSRMLYFAPDLVFNEYRMHKSRMYSQCVRMRHLSQEFGWLQI TPQEFLCMKALLLFSIIPVDGLKNQKFFDELRMNYIKELDRIIACKRKNP TSCSRRFYQLTKLLDSVQPIARELHQFTFDLLIKSHMVSVDFPEMMAEII SVQVPKILSGKVKPIYFHT
Molecular Weight	62 kDa including tags
Purity	>90% SDS-PAGE.
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Formulation	Liquid Solution
Stability	The recombinant protein samples are stable for up to 12 months at -80°C
Reconstitution	See related COA
Unit Definition	For Research Use Only
Storage Buffer	Shipped at 4°C. Store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycle.

Target Details

Target Function	Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins like ZBTB7A that recruits NCOR1 and NCOR2 to the androgen response elements/ARE on target genes, negatively regulating androgen receptor signaling and androgen-induced cell proliferation. Transcription activation is also down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3.; Lacks the C-terminal ligand-binding domain and may therefore constitutively activate the transcription of a specific set of genes independently of steroid hormones.; Lacks the C-terminal ligand-binding domain and may therefore constitutively activate the transcription of a specific set of genes independently of steroid hormones.
Subcellular Location	Nucleus. Cytoplasm.
Protein Families	Nuclear hormone receptor family, NR3 subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 644 OMIM: 300068 KEGG: hsa:367 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000363822 UniGene: Hs.76704
Associated Diseases	Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS); Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy X-linked 1 (SMAX1); Androgen insensitivity, partial (PAIS)
Tissue Specificity	[Isoform 2]: Mainly expressed in heart and skeletal muscle.; [Isoform 3]: Expressed in basal and stromal cells of the prostate (at protein level).

Gene Functions References

AR expression heterogeneity is linked to distinct castration/enzalutamide responses in castration-resistant prostate cancer. PMID: 30190514
Androgen receptor positive triple negative breast cancer: Clinicopathologic, prognostic, and predictive features PMID: 29883487
In prostate cancer cells, AR-V7 expression is correlated with drug resistance, as AR-V7 upregulation leads to enhanced proliferation potency of cancer cells, indicating unfavorable prognosis of patients. PMID: 30284554
These findings imply that the deep intronic mutation creating an alternative splice acceptor site resulted in the production of a relatively small amount of wildtype androgen receptor mRNA, leading to partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. PMID: 29396419
AR Germline Mutations and Polymorphisms were associated with Prostate Cancer. PMID: 30139231
GTEE also downregulated the expression of AR and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in both androgen-responsive and castration-resistant PCa cells. By blocking the SREBP-1/AR axis, GTEE suppressed cell growth and progressive behaviors, as well as activating the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway in PCa cells PMID: 30301150
Suppressed the expression of androgen receptor. PMID: 29981500
An AR motif of the transactivation domain has been identified that contributes to transcriptional activity by recruiting the C-terminal domain of subunit 1 of the general transcription regulator TFIIF. PMID: 29225078
In LNCaP prostate cancer cells, TSG101 overexpression recruits the androgen receptor (AR) to TSG101-containing cytoplasmic vesicles resulting in reduced AR protein level and AR transactivation activity downregulation. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that TSG101-decorated cytoplasmic vesicles are associated with late endosomes/lysosomes. PMID: 29859188
Study indicates that both mRNA and protein level of AR increase during prostate cancer (PCa) progression. These levels are even higher in metastatic PCa. Further data suggest that elevation of AR may promote PCa metastasis by induction of EMT and reduction of KAT5. PMID: 30142696
This study aimed to determine the presence and localization of oestrogen receptors (ERs), progesterone receptors (PRs), and androgen receptors (ARs) in both healthy and varicose vein wall cells and their relationship with gender. PMID: 30250632
These findings suggest that CDK11 is involved in the regulation of AR pathway and AR can be a potential novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment. PMID: 28262798
We use CPRC prostate cancer model and demonstrate that endothelial cells secrete large amount of CCL5 and induces autophagy by suppressing AR expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Consequently, elevated autophagy accelerates focal adhesions proteins disassembly and promoted prostate cancer invasion. Inhibition of both CCL5/CCR5 signaling and autophagy significantly reduces metastasis in vivo PMID: 30200999
Overexpression of nuclear AR-V7 protein identifies a subset of tumors with remarkably aggressive growth characteristics among clinically and histologically high-risk patients at the time of radical prostatectomy. PMID: 29198908
Study defines AR ligand-binding domain homodimerization as an essential step in the proper functioning of this important transcription factor. Dimerization surface harbours over 40 previously unexplained androgen insensitivity syndromes and prostate cancer-associated point mutations. PMID: 28165461
Loss of AR expression was found in the nucleus of penile cancer cells when compared to normal tissues. Cytoplasmic AR immunostaining was observed in a significant number of these cases and was related with poor prognosis and shorter overall survival. PMID: 30099587
The AR polymorphism is associated with POR risk, patients with repeats greater than 22 show a higher risk. Our data suggest that AR genotype could play a role in natural ovarian aging. PMID: 29886316
In all, these data suggest that Aurora A plays a pivotal role in regulation of Androgen receptor variant 7 expression and represents a new therapeutic target in castrate-resistant prostate cancer. PMID: 28205582
The meta-analysis showed that short CAG and GGN repeats in androgen receptor gene were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer, especially in Caucasians. PMID: 28091563
Knockdown of beta-Klotho produced the opposite effects. In conclusion, beta-Klotho inhibits EMT and plays a tumorsuppressive role in prostate cancer (PCa) , linking FGF/FGFR/beta-Klotho signaling to the regulation of PCa progression. PMID: 29749458
The interaction of AR and SP1 contributes to regulate EPHA3 expression. PMID: 29917167
DHX15 regulates androgen receptor (AR) activity by modulating E3 ligase Siah2-mediated AR ubiquitination independent of its ATPase activity promoting prostate cancer progression. PMID: 28991234
The interaction of Nanog with the AR signaling axis might induce or contribute to Ovarian cancer stem cells regulation. In addition, androgen might promote stemness characteristics in ovarian cancer cells by activating the Nanog promoter PMID: 29716628
a significant subset of endometrial cancers express androgen receptor especially a serous cancers. PMID: 29747687
Letter: eradication of androgen receptor amplification, PSA decline, and clinical improvement with high dose testosterone therapy. PMID: 28040353
The results in this meta-analysis indicated that AR CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms may be an important pathogenesis of cryptorchidism. PMID: 29044734
the inverse relation observed between bone cell activity and tumor cell AR activity in prostate cancer bone metastasis may be of importance for patient response to AR. PMID: 29670000
Length variations of (CAG)n and (GGC)n polymorphism in the transactivation domain of AR, significantly influence hormonal profile, semen parameters, and sexual functions of asthenospermic subjects by down regulating the expression of AR mediating signaling. PMID: 29083935
Data suggest that somatic mosaicism in AR can cause partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. [CASE REPORT] PMID: 29267169
These results identify HoxB13 as a pivotal upstream regulator of AR-V7-driven transcriptomes that are often cell context-dependent in CRPC, suggesting that HoxB13 may serve as a therapeutic target for AR-V7-driven prostate tumors. PMID: 29844167
TRX1 is an actionable castration-resistant prostate cancer therapeutic target through its protection against AR-induced redox stress. PMID: 29089489
these findings reveal AR-genomic structural rearrangements as important drivers of persistent AR signalling in castration-resistant prostate cancer. PMID: 27897170
AR+ was associated with lower breast cancer mortality in the overall study population ( estrogen receptor-negative). PMID: 28643022
nuclear COBLL1 interacts with AR to enhance complex formation with CDK1 and facilitates AR phosphorylation for genomic binding in castration-resistant prostate cancer model cells. PMID: 29686105
A variety of AR mutants are induced under selective pressures of AR pathway inhibition in castration resistant prostate cancer which remain sensitive to the inhibitor darolutamide. PMID: 28851578
c.3864T>C AR novel mutation is responsible for complete androgen insensitivity syndrome [case report] PMID: 29206494
The Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is caused by the expansion of a CAG/glutamine tract in the amino-terminus of the androgen receptor PMID: 29478604
Polysomic AR genes show low methylation levels and high AR protein expression on immunohistochemistry PMID: 29802469
Oral administration of RAD140 substantially inhibited the growth of AR/ER(+) breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Activation of AR and suppression of ER pathway, including the ESR1 gene, were seen with RAD140 treatment. PMID: 28974548
The aims of this study was to evaluate if extreme CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms of the androgen receptors influence body fat mass, its regional distribution, resting metabolic rate, maximal fat oxidation capacity and serum leptin, free testosterone and osteocalcin in healthy adult men PMID: 29130706
The CRISPR/Cas9 system was able to edit the expression of AR and restrain the growth of androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells in vitro, suggesting the potential of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in future cancer therapy. PMID: 29257308
A new mechanism for complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS). A deep intronic pseudoexon-activating mutation in the intron between exons 6 and 7 of AR, detected in two siblings with CAIS, leads to aberrant splicing of the AR mRNA and insufficient AR protein production. PMID: 27609317
In the current work, we have confirmed that the lead androgen receptor DBD inhibitor indeed directly interacts with the androgen receptor DBD and tested that substance across multiple clinically relevant castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines PMID: 28775145
Androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism is not associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in Sri Lankan males. PMID: 29202793
AR gene CAG repeat polymorphisms are associated with the increased risk of mild endometriosis PMID: 28915409
ARE full sites generate a reliable transcriptional outcome in AR positive cells, despite their low genome-wide abundance. In contrast, the transcriptional influence of ARE half sites can be modulated by cooperating factors. PMID: 27623747
Targeting the Malat1/AR-v7 axis via Malat1-siRNA or ASC-J9 can be developed as a new therapy to better suppress enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer progression. PMID: 28528814
High circulating AR-V7 levels predicted resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer. PMID: 28818355
Results identified the N-terminal region of AR-V7 (splice variants) that interacts with the diffuse B-cell lymphoma homology (DH) domain of Vav3 which increases its expression in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). PMID: 28811363
The single nucleotide polymorphism G1733A of the androgen receptor gene is significantly associated with recurrent spontaneous abortions in Mexican patients. PMID: 28707146

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