Recombinant Human KEAP1 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human KEAP1 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLPSN-3067
Availability: InStock

Collections: Other recombinant proteins, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Tag	N/A
Host Species	Human
Accession	Q14145
Synonym	INRF2, KEAP-1, KLHL19
Background	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, also known as cytosolic inhibitor of Nrf2, Kelch-like protein 19, KEAP1 and INRF2, is a cytoplasm and nucleus protein which contains one BACK (BTB/Kelch associated) domain, one BTB (POZ) domain and six Kelch repeats. KEAP1 / INRF2 is broadly expressed, with highest levels in skeletal muscle. KEAP1 / INRF2 is a key regulator of the NRF2 transcription factor, which transactivates the antioxidant response element (ARE) and upregulates numerous proteins involved in antioxidant defense. Under basal conditions, KEAP1 / INRF2 targets NRF2 for ubiquitination and proteolytic degradation and as such is responsible for the rapid turnover of NRF2. KEAP1 / INRF2 retains NFE2L2 / NRF2 in the cytosol. KEAP1 / INRF2 functions as substrate adapter protein for the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex formed by CUL3 and RBX1. It targets NFE2L2 / NRF2 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome, thus resulting in the suppression of its transcriptional activity and the repression of antioxidant response element-mediated detoxifying enzyme gene expression. KEAP1 / INRF2 may also retain BPTF in the cytosol. It targets PGAM5 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome.
Description	A DNA sequence encoding the human KEAP1 (Q14145) (Gln2-Cys624) was expressed and purified with two additional amino acids (Gly & Pro ) at the N-terminus.
Source	Baculovirus-Insect Cells
Predicted N Terminal	Gly
AA Sequence	Gln2-Cys624
Molecular Weight	The secreted recombinant human KEAP1 consists of 625 a.a. and predicts a molecular mass of 69.7 KDa. The apparent molecular mass of the protein is approximately 64 KDa in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions due to glycosylation.
Purity	>90% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Bioactivity	Please contact us for detailed information
Formulation	Lyophilized from sterile 20mM Tris, 500mM NaCl, 3mM DTT, 10% glycerol, pH 7.4..
Stability	The recombinant proteins are stable for up to 1 year from date of receipt at -70°C.
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Store the protein under sterile conditions at -20°C to -80°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that regulates the response to oxidative stress by targeting NFE2L2/NRF2 for ubiquitination. KEAP1 acts as a key sensor of oxidative and electrophilic stress: in normal conditions, the BCR(KEAP1) complex mediates ubiquitination and degradation of NFE2L2/NRF2, a transcription factor regulating expression of many cytoprotective genes. In response to oxidative stress, different electrophile metabolites trigger non-enzymatic covalent modifications of highly reactive cysteine residues in KEAP1, leading to inactivate the ubiquitin ligase activity of the BCR(KEAP1) complex, promoting NFE2L2/NRF2 nuclear accumulation and expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes. In response to selective autophagy, KEAP1 is sequestered in inclusion bodies following its interaction with SQSTM1/p62, leading to inactivation of the BCR(KEAP1) complex and activation of NFE2L2/NRF2. The BCR(KEAP1) complex also mediates ubiquitination of SQSTM1/p62, increasing SQSTM1/p62 sequestering activity and degradation. The BCR(KEAP1) complex also targets BPTF and PGAM5 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
Database References	HGNC: 23177 OMIM: 606016 KEGG: hsa:9817 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000171111 UniGene: Hs.465870
Tissue Specificity	Broadly expressed, with highest levels in skeletal muscle.

Gene Functions References

KEAP1 acts as a cysteine thiol-rich sensor of redox insults. KEAP1 represses NRF2 activity under quiescent conditions, whereas NRF2 is liberated from KEAP1-mediated repression on exposure to stresses. [review] PMID: 29717933
the ability of porphyra-334 and shinorine to dissociate Nrf2 from Keap1 was confirmed also by measurement of increased mRNA expression of Nrf2 targeted genes encoding oxidative stress defense proteins in primary skin fibroblasts prior and post UVR exposure. PMID: 30071261
Aberrant Nrf2/Keap1 system integrity may affect self-defence mechanisms against oxidative stress in primary biliary cholangitis. PMID: 28333129
this study shows changes of KEAP1 expression levels induced by cell-free DNA in different cell types PMID: 29743966
Here we present a proof-of-concept application for the rational design of an epitope-specific antibody binding with the target protein Keap1, by grafting pre-defined structural interaction patterns from the native binding partner protein, Nrf2, onto geometrically matched positions of a set of antibody scaffolds. The designed antibodies bind to Keap1 and block the Keap1-Nrf2 interaction in an epitope-specific way PMID: 28128368
In the present review we briefly introduce the Nrf2-Keap1 system and describe Nrf2 functions, illustrate the Nrf2-NF-kappaB cross-talk, and highlight the effects of the Nrf2-Keap1 system in the physiology and pathophysiology of striated muscle tissue taking into account its role(s) in oxidative stress and reductive stress PMID: 29499228
Results show that KEAP1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is regulated by miR-432-3p that binds directly its 3'UTR. PMID: 28760781
An intact complex of PGAM5-KEAP1-Nrf2 preserves mitochondrial motility by suppressing dominant-negative KEAP1 activity. PMID: 28839075
Hydrogen sulfide attenuates vascular smooth muscle cell calcification in vitro via the KEAP1-NRF2 redox sensing/stress response system by enhancing NQO1 expression. PMID: 28865326
Keap1 silencing in melanocytes induced melanogenesis and the expression of melanogenesis-associated molecules through HO-1-associated beta-catenin activation. Keap1 downregulation in melanocytes is important for cell proliferation and survival. PMID: 28583303
itaconate alkylates cysteine residues 151, 257, 288, 273 and 297 on the protein KEAP1, enabling Nrf2 to increase the expression of downstream genes with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities PMID: 29590092
results demonstrate a multifaceted protective potential of KEAP1-NRF2 signaling in key cell types relevant to Huntington disease pathology PMID: 28533375
Curcumin Protects Skin against UVB-Induced Cytotoxicity via the Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway: The Use of a Microemulsion Delivery System. PMID: 28757910
The research demonstrated that Keap1 should be a promising E3 ligase adaptor to be used in the design of novel PROTACs. PMID: 29407955
High cytoplasmic Keap1 expression, which might prevent nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in ovarian cancer cells, was associated with lower disease recurrence and death rate. PMID: 28129239
The ratio of thioredoxin/Keap1 protein level may be useful for suggesting distant metastasis in colorectal cancer. PMID: 29053012
our study pinpoints that PAQR3 functions as an adaptor protein to promote Nrf2-Keap1 complex formation, thereby modulating the Nrf2-Keap2 pathway and playing an important role in controlling antioxidant response of the cell PMID: 27212020
provide a rationale for stratification of human patients with lung cancer harboring KRAS/KEAP1- or KRAS/NRF2-mutant lung tumors as likely to respond to glutaminase inhibition PMID: 28967920
Our results identified ECG as a novel Keap1-Nrf2 interaction disruptor and LPS-induced TLR4 activation inhibitor, thereby providing an innovative strategy to prevent or treat immune, oxidative stress and inflammatory-related diseases PMID: 26878775
The Keap-1/Nrf2 redox system is a biological target of SSNO. PMID: 27663261
Molecular docking studies revealed that Wogonin can disrupt KEAP-1/Nrf-2 interaction by directly blocking the binding site of Nrf-2 in the KEAP-1 protein. The study provides novel insights into the development of Nrf2 as a promising candidate and Wogonin as a therapeutic agent for the management of Osteoarthritis . PMID: 28237856
Data show that genistein induced re-expression of the methylated Keap1 genes through demethylation in A549 cells, however, no Keap1 mRNA expression changes were detected in MRC-5 fibroblast cells. PMID: 27029077
Punicalagin protects HepG2 cells from lipotoxicity induced by free fatty acids through activating Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. PMID: 26989875
Data suggest that Keap1, rather than Nrf2, is critical for the recruitment of iASPP into the Keap1-Nrf2 complex PMID: 29033244
The modification of NRF2 or KEAP1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines disrupted downstream gene expression and cell sensitivity to platinum-based drugs. PMID: 27601007
These data demonstrate that the beneficial properties of SFN extend beyond activation of the KEAP1-Nrf2-ARE system and warrant further interrogation given the current use of this agent in multiple clinical trials PMID: 27889639
Result showed that there was a significant association between Keap1 and phosphorylated (p) Nrf2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Higher pNrf2 expression was more likely observed in those specimens with reduced Keap1 expression. PMID: 27650414
Results provide evidence for a critical role of mutations in TP53 and KEAP1 during lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC oncogenesis, because deletion of either gene leads to increased self-renewal of airway basal stem cells. Also, KEAP1/NRF2 mutations increase radioresistance and predict local tumor recurrence in radiotherapy treated LSCC patients. PMID: 27663899
Study showed that Sequestosome 1-mediated sequestration of Keap1 is associated with chronic activation of the Nrf2 stress response pathway in the autophagic vacuolar myopathie muscle; demonstrated that Nrf2 signaling is upregulated in autophagic muscle disorders and raise the possibility that autophagy disruption in skeletal muscle leads to dysregulation of cellular redox homeostasis. PMID: 27799074
Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) is an adaptor subunit of Cullin 3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase. Keap1 regulates the activity of Nrf2 and acts as a sensor for oxidative and electrophilic stresses. PMID: 28842501
NRF2 is regulated at protein level by proteasomal degradation via KEAP1. Data suggest that antioxidant-induced up-regulation of NRF2 expression (a) overcomes KEAP1 regulation, (b) activates NRF2 translocation to nucleus, and (c) activates antioxidant response element. (NRF2 = nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2 protein; KEAP1 = Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) PMID: 28684421
Results indicate that microRNA miR-141 targets kelch like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) to activate NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling, which protects retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPEs) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from UV radiation. PMID: 28061435
Data indicate the role of kelch like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) axis deregulation with potential new function as independent epigenetic prognostic marker in renal cell carcinoma. PMID: 28061437
clinical cholangiocarcinoma samples displayed FoxO3-Keap1 down-regulation and Nrf2 hyperactivation PMID: 26857210
the dual role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 signaling in induction of colorectal cancer cell survival and death as well as the possibility of targeting nuclear factor-erythroid 2-kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 axis as an advanced strategy in prevention and effective treatment of colorectal cancer patients have been discussed. PMID: 28621229
Using a combination of biochemical and mass spectrometry studies, the authors show that VP24 is a dimer in solution that directly binds to the Kelch domain of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) to regulate nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). PMID: 27497688
These data establish new functions for KEAP1 within the nucleus and identify MCM3 as a novel substrate of the KEAP1-CUL3-RBX1 E3 ligase. PMID: 27621311
ur results identify WDR23 as an alternative regulator of NRF2 proteostasis and uncover a cellular pathway that regulates NRF2 activity and capacity for cytoprotection independently of KEAP1. PMID: 28453520
Keap1 orchestrates the antioxidant response; the system can be targeted for therapy [review] PMID: 27769838
Keap1 is the main negative regulator of Nrf2 [review] PMID: 27497696
Results show that GSTP potentiates S-glutathionylation of Keap1, which leads to Nrf2 activation and subsequently increases expression of GSTP. This positive feedback regulatory loop represents a novel mechanism by which GSTP elicits antioxidant protection in the brain. PMID: 27086966
EMT signalling and the KEAP1/NFE2L2-axis are likely to be involved in metastatic spread of malignant melanoma and also appear to have potential interactions. PMID: 27170270
the expression of NRF2, KEAP1, NQO-1 and HO-1 are increased significantly in advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, compared with the adjacent normal mucosa. Remarkable relevance exists between high expression of KEAP1, NQO-1, HO-1 and nuclear NRF2. their expression levels were independent of age, tumor stage (clinical stage III and IV), tumor size and lymph node metastasis. PMID: 27840932
miR-200a was found to interact with the 3'-untranslated region of Keap1, the native regulator of Nrf2. PMID: 27573160
We present the case that chemoprevention through the Keap1/Nrf2 system may be context dependent and that the Nrf2 "dose-response curve" for electrophilic and redox balance may not be monotonic. PMID: 27806574
Immunohistochemical assays were used to measure the expression of Keap1 protein in breast cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue, and its clinical significance was explored. We observed that 24.6% breast cancer tissue samples were positive for Keap1, a significantly lower proportion than that seen with adjacent normal tissue specimens PMID: 27323010
c-myc plays a key role in MBD1 mediated epigenetic silencing of KEAP1. PMID: 26980696
Results show up-regulation of TrkB and down-regulation of Runx3 and Keap1 in breast cancer cells and suggest that TrkB plays a key role in tumorigenicity and metastasis of breast cancer cells through suppression of Runx3 or Keap1. PMID: 26657794
Inhibition of NRF2 by KEAP1 overexpression compromises metabolic reprogramming of fibroblasts and results in reduced efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cells colony formation. PMID: 26904936
Induction of GSH-related genes xCT and GCLM were oxygen and Bach1-insensitive during long-term culture under 5% O2, providing the first evidence that genes related to GSH synthesis mediate protection afforded by Nrf2-Keap1 defense pathway PMID: 26698668

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