Recombinant Human Nucleobindin-2 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human Nucleobindin-2 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1960NP
Availability: InStock

BL-1960NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: Other recombinant proteins, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Nucleobindin-2 is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Val25-Leu106 is expressed.
Accession	P80303
Synonym	Nucleobindin-2; DNA-binding protein NEFA; Gastric cancer antigen Zg4; Prepronesfatin; Nesfatin-1; NUCB2; NEFA
Gene Background	Nesfatin-1 is a metabolic polypeptide encoded in the N-terminal region of the precursor protein, Nucleobindin2 (NUCB2). Nesfatin-1 is a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus of mammals. It participates in the regulation of hunger and fat storage. Nesfatin-1 is also expressed in other areas of the brain, and in pancreatic islets β-cells, gastric endocrine cells and adipocytes. Nesfatin-1 suppresses food intake and can regulate energy metabolism in a Leptin independent manner. Nesfatin-1 may also exert hypertensive roles and modulate blood pressure through directly acting on peripheral arterial resistance.
Molecular Mass	9.6 KDa
Apmol Mass	10 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 10mM Sodium Phosphate, pH 6.5.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Calcium-binding protein which may have a role in calcium homeostasis. Acts as a non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor which binds to and activates guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) alpha subunit GNAI3.; Anorexigenic peptide, seems to play an important role in hypothalamic pathways regulating food intake and energy homeostasis, acting in a leptin-independent manner. May also exert hypertensive roles and modulate blood pressure through directly acting on peripheral arterial resistance.
Subcellular Location	Golgi apparatus. Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Cytoplasm. Secreted. Endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleus envelope. Note=Golgi retention is mediated by its N-terminal region.; [Nesfatin-1]: Secreted.
Protein Families	Nucleobindin family
Database References	HGNC: 8044 OMIM: 608020 KEGG: hsa:4925 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000436455 UniGene: Hs.654599
Tissue Specificity	Predominantly expressed in spleen, testis and normal stomach.

Gene Functions References

Study data identified nesfatin-1 as a key modulator in hypertension and vascular remodeling by facilitating vascular smooth muscle cells phenotypic switching and proliferation. PMID: 29627363
intensity of exercise may have an important role in changes of nesfatin-1, leptin, FFA, and epinephrine concentrations even though this was not the case for IL-6 and insulin resistance PMID: 25637303
Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher serum nesfatin-1 levels compared to healthy controls. PMID: 29278806
This study finds that soccer matches performed different workout times have strong stimulatory effects on irisin levels in all subjects but nesfatin-1 response varied among the subjects and it did not change significantly in afternoon match. PMID: 30084805
serum nesfatin-1 concentrations were inversely correlated with atrial fibrillation development. PMID: 29747779
In all trimesters of human pregnancy, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was highly expressed in syncytiotrophoblast. In addition, there was a significant increase in NUCB2 expression in human primary trophoblast cells induced to syncytialise. PMID: 28855042
Data suggest that circulating nesfatin-1 levels are up-regulated in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes; non-newly diagnosed patients treated with antidiabetic medications exhibit lower circulating nesfatin-1 levels. [META-ANALYSIS, REVIEW] PMID: 29445751
Data suggest that levels of nesfatin-1 in maternal serum and cord blood are up-regulated in women with gestational diabetes (GD) as compared to control pregnant women; nesfatin-1 also appears to be up-regulated in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue in GD. This study was conducted in China in women of the Han ethnicity. PMID: 28361552
expressions of p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK-3beta/GSK-3beta in the myocardium of MI group rats were significantly increased by nesfatin-1 administration, suggesting that nesfatin-1, which appears to possess anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, may confer protection against ISO-induced MI via an Akt/GSK-3beta-dependent mechanism. PMID: 28720397
Study demonstrated that high expression level of NUCB2 was significantly associated with poor clinical outcome of patient with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PMID: 27806328
The multifunctional biological actions of nesfatin-1 propelled this peptide as a therapeutic target, and as a potential biomarker of diseases. However, a better and comprehensive understanding of tissue specific effects of nesfatin-1 is critical prior to exploring its possible use in the detection and treatment of diseases. PMID: 28137218
Data indicate that nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 enhanced migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colon cancer cells through LKB1/AMPK/TORC1/ZEB1 pathways in vitro and in vivo. PMID: 27150059
Nesfatin-1 levels decrease following biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch-induced weight loss and are significantly associated with parameters of metabolic health. PMID: 27681383
women and men showed an inverse association between NUCB2/nesfatin-1 and anxiety with a positive correlation in women and a negative correlation in men. However, no significant change of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 following improvement of anxiety has been observed. PMID: 28273586
Our study was the first to investigate the nesfatin 1 levels in patients with the first episode psychosis. Based on our study results, nesfatin 1 might be related to some central nervous system pathologies, including the severity of a psychiatric disorder. PMID: 28814086
nucleobindin 2 might play a crucial role in gastric cancer development and could serve as an independent predictor of prognosis of gastric cancer patients. PMID: 28714371
Based on the obtained results, it was proposed that ghrelin may be considered as playing a role in the etiopathogenesis of hyperemesis gravidarum that may result in disruption of the relationship between nesfatin-1 and ghrelin. PMID: 27235705
This study supports the role of insulin resistance in decreased nesfatin-1 levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome PMID: 27539099
Increased plasma nesfatin-1 concentrations are associated closely with inflammation, trauma severity and clinical outcomes, indicating that nesfatin-1 might be involved in inflammation and become a good prognostic biomarker following traumatic brain injury PMID: 27155585
Data suggest that NUCB2 (almost negligible in normal endometrium) plays pivotal roles in cell proliferation and migration/invasiveness of endometrial carcinoma; NUCB2 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for endometrial carcinoma. Expression of NUCB2 appears almost negligible in normal endometrium. PMID: 26842712
we summarize nesfatin-1 main functions, focusing on its cardiovascular implications--{REVIEW} PMID: 26662184
NUCB2 protein levels in the obese PCOS group were significantly lower than those in the non-obese PCOS and control groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of NUCB2 genotypes among the groups. PMID: 26369257
Nesfatin-1 hormone levels increased significantly in morbidly obese patients following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. PMID: 27049252
serum level elevated in fetal growth retardation PMID: 26043295
Data indicate a positive correlation of nesfatin-1 and a negative correlation of orexin-A with body mass index. PMID: 26831553
1012C>G polymorphism of NUCB2 is correlated with a reduced risk of developing MetS in a Chinese Han population. PMID: 26624852
In acute myocardial infarction patients, plasma nesfatin-1 levels were negatively correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, neutrophil% or Gensini scores. PMID: 23806888
nesfatin-1 might have an important role in regulation of food intake and pathogenesis of loss of appetite in children. PMID: 26744860
Nesfatin-1 levels were significantly lower in metabolic syndrome (MS) group compared to non-MS group PMID: 25432328
These results corroborate the suggestion of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 being relevantly involved in the regulation of mood and stress in a sex-specific way PMID: 26143537
Serum nesfatin-1 levels are significantly higher in girls with premature thelarche compared to prepubertal controls. PMID: 25833360
Circulating NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels correlated positively with perceived anxiety, whereas no association with body mass index or eating disorder symptoms was observed. PMID: 26162003
Our results show that NUCB2 plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression and is a potential molecular biomarker for the diagnosis and targeted therapy of ccRCC. PMID: 25322808
This investigation indicates a marked association of serum and synovial fluid nesfatin-1 concentrations with osteoarthritis disease severity. PMID: 25872767
This study shows an association of serum nesfatin-1 concentrations and the development and severity of peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. PMID: 25841171
Plasma IL-6 and TNF-alpha did not significantly change after training, but nesfatin increased significantly only with high-intensity interval training compared with the control group. PMID: 25581765
nesfatin-1 inhibits the growth of adrenocortical H295R cells and promotes apoptosis, potentially via the involvement of Bax, BCL-XL and BCL-2 genes as well as ERK1/2, p38 and JNK1/2 signalling cascades PMID: 25869615
Data suggest that plasma nesfatin-1/NUCB2 levels are up-regulated in pregnant women recently diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as compared to healthy women; many of those with PCOS were also overweight and exhibited insulin resistance. PMID: 24920281
Data indicate that patients with severe preeclampsia showed significantly decreased levels of serum nesfatin-1 compared with those with mild preeclampsia. PMID: 24857385
there was no significant increase in postprandial level of nesfatin-1. This suggests that oral glucose load in obese children may not be sufficient for nesfatin-1 response and that nesfatin-1 may not have an effect as short-term regulator of food intake. PMID: 24825087
NUCB2/nesfatin-1 and visfatin are novel factors associated with systemic inflammation in COPD; visfatin may mediate impaired pulmonary diffusing capacity PMID: 24891763
Serum nesfatin-1 levels were measured in patients with subclinical or overt hyperthyroidism to see whether nesfatin-1 is involved in the regulation of appetite and body weight in hyperthyroidism. No significant difference from normal controls was found. PMID: 25068306
Increased nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) transcriptional activity links the regulation of insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. PMID: 23765387
Nesfatin-1 might have an important role in regulation of food intake and pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obese children and young adolescents. PMID: 24333832
NUCB2 protein expression showed a strong association with the potencies of BCR and progression of PCa, and that may be applied as a novel biomarker. PMID: 24422979
Role of NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 in the hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis. PMID: 24048879
In advanced cystic fibrosis and low fat mass, nesfatin-1 plasma levels are significantly increased and inversely correlated with the fat mass. PMID: 23306670
plasma NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels were altered under conditions of perceived anxiety, stress and depression in obese women. PMID: 23796625
Nesfatin-1 is present in articular tissues and may contribute to the physiopathologic changes in OA. Nesfatin-1, accompanied with hsCRP and IL-18, could have roles in the progression of knee osteoarthritis PMID: 24259949
we demonstrated that high NUCB2 mRNA expression correlated with poor overall survival in patients with prostate cancer PMID: 24092574

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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