Recombinant Human Probable G-Protein Coupled Receptor 132 (GPR132) Protein (His-GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Probable G-Protein Coupled Receptor 132 (GPR132) Protein (His-GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-07325P
Price: 349.0 USD
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Size

100ug

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Probable G-Protein Coupled Receptor 132 (GPR132) Protein (His-GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q9UNW8
Target Symbol	GPR132
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-GST
Target Protein Sequence	ATDHSRQEVSRIHKGWKEWSMKTDVTRLTHSRDTEELQSPVALADHYTFSRPVHPPGSPCPAKRLIEESC
Expression Range	311-380aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	39.5 kDa
Research Area	Signal Transduction
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	May be a receptor for oxidized free fatty acids derived from linoleic and arachidonic acids such as 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE). Activates a G alpha protein, most likely G alpha(q). May be involved in apoptosis. Functions at the G2/M checkpoint to delay mitosis. May function as a sensor that monitors the oxidative states and mediates appropriate cellular responses such as secretion of paracrine signals and attenuation of proliferation. May mediate ths accumulation of intracellular inositol phosphates at acidic pH through proton-sensing activity.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Protein Families	G-protein coupled receptor 1 family
Database References	HGNC: 17482 OMIM: 606167 KEGG: hsa:29933 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000328818 UniGene: Hs.532504
Tissue Specificity	Highly expressed in macrophages and hematopoietic tissues rich in lymphocytes, like spleen and thymus. Weakly expressed in heart and lung. In atherosclerotic plaques, expression is observed around the lipid core and at the shoulder region.

Gene Functions References

G protein-coupled receptor 132 (Gpr132) functions as a key macrophage sensor of the rising lactate in the acidic tumor milieu to mediate the reciprocal interaction between cancer cells and macrophages during breast cancer metastasis. Lactate activates macrophage Gpr132 to promote the alternatively activated macrophage (M2)-like phenotype, which, in turn, facilitates cancer cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. PMID: 28049847
High GPR132 expression is associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID: 27588474
coexpression of OGR1- and G2A-enhanced proton sensitivity and proton-induced calcium signals. This alteration is attributed to oligomerization of OGR1 and G2A. The oligomeric potential locates receptors at a specific site, which leads to enhanced PMID: 27049592
we found an additional novel G2A variant (G2A-b) that is the major transcript with functional response to ligand stimulation as well as G2A-a, and succeeded in discriminating proton-sensing and oxidized fatty acid-sensing activities of G2A. PMID: 19855098
G2A is a negative modifier of lymphoid leukemogenesis initiated by the BCR-ABL oncogene PMID: 12086852
In atherosclerotic plaques of human coronary arterial specimens, G2A is expressed by macrophages within the lipid-rich plaques, whereas no immunoreactivity of G2A is observed in fibrous plaques where macrophages do not exist. PMID: 12482833
G2A can activate a specific combination of G proteins, and G2A/LPC-induced apoptosis involves both G alpha(13)- and G alpha(s)-mediated pathways PMID: 12586833
G2A was not detected in either brain or skin vascular endothelial cell type. PMID: 12805023
G2A is a proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor antagonized by lysophosphatidylcholine PMID: 15280385
Activity of the human G2A receptor is less sensitive to pH fluctuations as measured by inositol phosphate and cAMP accumulation. PMID: 15665078
results indicate that G protein-coupled receptor G2A is a receptor for 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) and other oxidized free fatty acids and is activated by oxidized free fatty acids PMID: 16236715
G2A latent within neutrophil secretory vesicles may facilitate signaling through lysophospholipids for neutrophil activation and calcium flux. PMID: 17475884
9-HODE-G2A signaling plays proinflammatory roles in skin under oxidative conditions PMID: 18034171
the G-protein-coupled receptor G2A, unlike its relative GPR4, is involved in the chemotaxis of monocytic cells. PMID: 18089568

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.