Recombinant Human Thioredoxin Protein

Name: Recombinant Human Thioredoxin Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLPSN-4462
Availability: InStock

Collections: Other recombinant proteins, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Tag	N/A
Host Species	Human
Accession	P10599
Synonym	DKFZp686B1993, MGC61975, RP11-427L11.1, TRDX, TRX, TRX1, TXN
Background	Thioredoxin, also known as ATL-derived factor, Surface-associated sulphydryl protein, SASP and TXN, is a nucleus, cytoplasm and secreted protein which belongs to thethioredoxin family. Thioredoxins are proteins that act as antioxidants by facilitating the reduction of other proteins by cysteine thiol-disulfide exchange. Thioredoxins are found in nearly all known organisms and are essential for life in mammals. Thioredoxin / TXN participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Thioredoxin / TXN plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide. Thioredoxin / TXN nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity. Thioredoxin / TXN induces the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA-binding activity in ionizing radiation (IR) cells through its oxidation/reduction status and stimulates AP-1 transcriptional activity.
Description	A DNA sequence encoding the C-terminal segment of human TXN (P10599) (Met 1-Val 105) was expressed and purified.
Source	E.coli
Predicted N Terminal	Met
AA Sequence	Met 1-Val 105
Molecular Weight	The recombinant human TXN comprises 105 a.a. and predicts a molecular mass of 11.7 kDa. It migrates ass an approximately 14 kDa band in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.
Purity	>97% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Endotoxin	Please contact us for more information.
Bioactivity	1. Measured by its ability to catalyze the reduction of insulin. The specific activity is 5-9 pmoles/min/ug.2. Measured by its ability to catalyze the reduction of insulin. The reaction leads toprecipitation, which can be measured by absorbance at 650 nm. The specific activity is 5-10 A650/min/mg.
Formulation	Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.5.
Stability	The recombinant proteins are stable for up to 1 year from date of receipt at -70°C.
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Store the protein under sterile conditions at -20°C to -80°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide. Nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity. Induces the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA-binding activity in ionizing radiation (IR) cells through its oxidation/reduction status and stimulates AP-1 transcriptional activity.; ADF augments the expression of the interleukin-2 receptor TAC (IL2R/P55).
Subcellular Location	Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Secreted.
Protein Families	Thioredoxin family
Database References	HGNC: 12435 OMIM: 187700 KEGG: hsa:7295 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000363641 UniGene: Hs.435136

Gene Functions References

Data suggest that TSTD1 can utilize thioredoxin as an acceptor in the presence of thioredoxin reductase and NADPH. (TSTD1 = thiosulfate sulfurtransferase-like domain-containing 1 protein) PMID: 29348167
Based on recent research, it has been reported that the modulation of the Trx/TrxR system may be considered as a new target in the management of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, as well as in the treatment of hypertension and atherosclerosis. In this review evidence about a possible role of this system as a marker of the metabolic syndrome is reported. [review] PMID: 29327078
By establishing that IL-4 is posttranslationally regulated by TRX-promoted reduction of a disulfide bond, our findings highlight a novel regulatory mechanism of the type 2 immune response that is specific to IL-4 over IL-13. PMID: 30104382
TRX1 is an actionable castration-resistant prostate cancer therapeutic target through its protection against AR-induced redox stress. PMID: 29089489
Trx-1 may be an important target for delaying oral malignant transformation, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 29328386
Results found the mRNA level of TRX-1 was significantly decreased (p<0.005), while the mRNA levels of TBP-2, COX-2, and TNF-alpha were significantly increased in the placentas in preeclampsia when compared to the normal group. PMID: 29999276
This study quantified the contribution of Trx reductase to the redox status of Trx, demonstrating that the redox profile of Trx is determined by the interplay between the elevation of intracellular redox potential and the reduction by Trx reductase and other endogenous molecules. PMID: 29509009
We identified a novel Jab1-Trx axis that is a key cellular process in the pathobiologic characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M5). Targeting the ROS/Jab1/Trx pathway could be beneficial in the treatment of AML-M5 PMID: 28270496
study indicates that TRX levels cannot be used as a marker for Treatment Resistant Depression (trd) or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in TRD. In spite of this TRX levels have a positive correlation with language functions of the patients. PMID: 28442424
The reducing system of PTEN was comprised of NADPH, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1), and thioredoxin (Trx). PMID: 28774816
Thioredoxin 1 modulates signaling mechanisms in the heart via its molecular targets, including transcription factors, microRNAs, histone deactylases, and protein kinases. (Review) PMID: 27993729
The ratio of thioredoxin/Keap1 protein level may be useful for suggesting distant metastasis in colorectal cancer. PMID: 29053012
Overexpression of NOS3 increased the levels and activities of proteins of the redoxin systems, Trx1, Grx1, TrxR1 and TxnIP, and the levels of signaling proteins (Akt1, pAkt1(-)Ser473, MapK, pMapK, Stat3, Fas). PMID: 28162284
Increased serum thioredoxin concentrations are highly associated with trauma severity PMID: 28347674
Plasma-TRX on day 1 was significantly increased in patients who later developed post-injury sepsis. In a logistic regression analysis including TRX, C-reactive protein, injury severity, massive transfusion, and admission blood pressure, TRX was the only variable independently associated with post-injury sepsis PMID: 28087409
High TRX1 expression is associated with myocardial infarction. PMID: 26933812
Data show that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) induced apoptosis via the down-regulation thioredoxin1 (Trx1), which was regulated by microRNA miR-129-5p. PMID: 28667779
Analysis of 25 independent cohorts with 5910 patients showed that Trx1 and TrxR1 were both associated with a poor patient prognosis in terms of overall survival, distant metastasis free survival and disease free survival. PMID: 26760912
these findings demonstrate that Trx1 is a critical regulator of necroptosis that suppresses cell death by maintaining MLKL in a reduced inactive state. PMID: 28878015
Study shows that TRX1 and APEX1 expressions are up regulated in new Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients compared to controls and might be implicated in pathogenesis of the disease. PMID: 28844667
CD40 activation resulted in down-regulation of Thioredoxin (Trx)-1 to permit ASK1 activation and apoptosis. Although soluble receptor agonist alone could not induce death, combinatorial treatment incorporating soluble CD40 agonist and pharmacological inhibition of Trx-1 was functionally equivalent to the signal triggered by mCD40L PMID: 27869172
our findings identify the TXN-FOXO1-p300 circuit as the sensor and effector of oxidative stress in DLBCL cells PMID: 27132507
Novel positive feedback loop between Trx-1 and S100P promotes colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis. PMID: 28483515
Thioredoxin attenuates oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by reducing NOX2-NOX4 activity. PMID: 28688762
from the two catalytic cysteines of TRX1 the residue C32 is responsible for the high-affinity binding of TRX1 to the ASK1-TRX-binding domain in reducing conditions PMID: 27588831
findings suggest that the up-regulated RRM1 and hTrx1 in colorectal cancer directly interact with each other and promote RR activity, resulting in enhanced DNA synthesis and cancer malignancy. PMID: 28411237
Trx and its target proteins involved in redox signaling are critical for the control of cell fate such as cell survival and apoptosis [review] PMID: 27665998
herefore, the length of treatment with Nrf2 activators and/or Trx-1 has first to be studied in more detail in cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, a combination of Nrf2 activators and Trx-1 should be investigated and taken into consideration. PMID: 27923281
In an in vivo model of restenosis, which is characterized by oxidative stress, endothelial activation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation, Thioredoxin-1 protein levels are reduced in the endothelium of the carotids. APEX1 acts anti-apoptotic in endothelial cells. This anti-apoptotic effect depends on the first 20 amino acids of APEX1 PMID: 27835927
Authors found that TXN was under expressed in both AML and ALL groups as compared to the control group. Also TXN expression level was negatively correlated with serum 8-OHdG and tail moment in both AML and ALL. PMID: 27158980
Increased S-Trx and U-Trx concentrations, especially U-Trx/cr ratio, are closely associated with the severity of children hydronephrosis, substantializing Trx as a promising biomarker for the progression of children hydronephrosis PMID: 28111273
TRX in postoperative serum may be a potential biomarker to predict development of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. PMID: 28093200
Serum levels of thioredoxin and DJ-1 were significantly higher in non-small cell lung cancer patients; therefore, these may be utilized as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer PMID: 26334622
Elevated plasma thioredoxin levels are correlated with the severity and poor prognosis in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. PMID: 27000227
Data show that the overexpression of thioredoxin1 (Trx1) attenuated apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in lung cancer cells. PMID: 26460805
Based on its collective anti-oxidative, cytoprotective, and cytokine-like properties of TRX, TRX is likely to be involved in the optimal growth and maturation of ovarian follicles and responsiveness to hyperstimulation. PMID: 26536897
change of serum levels of thioredoxin in patients with severe traumatic brain injury PMID: 26656445
Serum TRX levels at admission were associated with stroke severity and lesion volumes. PMID: 25520003
Results indicate that reduced Trx1 plays important protective roles against methyl methanesulfonate-induced DNA damage and cell death, suggesting that cell protection is regulated by the intracellular redox state. PMID: 26276860
The results demonstrate that the antiproliferative effect of NO is hampered by Trx1 and Grx1 and support the strategy of weakening the thiolic antioxidant defenses when designing new antitumoral therapies. PMID: 26210445
differential expression in children with allergic asthma PMID: 25979194
identification of the novel interaction between Trx1 and AIF has provided opportunities to design and develop therapeutically relevant strategies that either promote or prevent this protein-protein interaction for the treatment of different disease PMID: 26119781
Thioredoxin 1 mediates TGF-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. PMID: 26325518
In Jurkat cells exposed to ionizing radiatin (4 Gy), constitutively active Trx systems respond to restore cellular redox balance. After 16 hrs, Trx increases and rescues cells against IR-mediated damage. PMID: 26021764
genetic variants of TXN and COMT have roles in regulating abdominal obesity PMID: 26329592
Trx1 inhibition results in reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis in Multiple myeloma cells, sensitizes Multiple myeloma cells to the NF-small ka, Cyrillicbeta inhibitors, and also induces apoptosis in bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells. PMID: 25945832
thioredoxin is a remote ischemic preconditioning-induced factor in heart tissue of cardiosurgical patients. PMID: 25622749
Plasma TRX levels of male patients in a manic episode were significantly lower than the controls. PMID: 25297388
the overexpression and nuclear translocation of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) are closely associated with hypoxia-drug resistance through the regulation of the metabolism by the oxidative stress response to glycolysis. PMID: 25656992
The crystal structure of fully oxidized thioredoxin shows a non-active Cys62-Cys69 disulfide bond in addition to the active Cys32-Cys35 disulfide. PMID: 26453009

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