Recombinant Human VDB Protein (C-6His)

Name: Recombinant Human VDB Protein (C-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-0656NP
Availability: InStock

BL-0656NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: Other recombinant proteins, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Vitamin D-Binding Protein is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Leu17-Leu474 is expressed with a 6His tag at the C-terminus.
Accession	P02774
Synonym	Vitamin D-Binding Protein; DBP; VDB; Gc-Globulin; Group-Specific Component; GC
Gene Background	Vitamin D-Binding Protein (DBP) is a member of the ALB/AFP/VDB family. DBP is a secreted protein and contains three albumin domains. The primary structure contains 28 cysteine residues forming multiple disulfide bonds. DBP acts as a multifunctional protein found in plasma, ascitic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine and on the surface of many cell types. DBP binds to vitamin D and its plasma metabolites and transports them to target tissues. DBP associates with membrane-bound immunoglobulin on the surface of B-lymphocytes and with IgG Fc receptor on the membranes of T-lymphocytes.
Molecular Mass	52.3 KDa
Apmol Mass	53 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Involved in vitamin D transport and storage, scavenging of extracellular G-actin, enhancement of the chemotactic activity of C5 alpha for neutrophils in inflammation and macrophage activation.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	ALB/AFP/VDB family
Database References	HGNC: 4187 OMIM: 139200 KEGG: hsa:2638 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000421725 UniGene: Hs.418497
Tissue Specificity	Expressed in the liver. Found in plasma, ascites, cerebrospinal fluid and urine.

Gene Functions References

VDBP in the cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) independently predicts intra-amniotic infection and imminent preterm delivery in women with PTL, whereas in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes, an elevated VDBP level in CVF is not associated with increased risks of these two outcome variables. PMID: 29879190
SNPs of the VDR and GC genes are associated with vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal Mexican women. PMID: 30150596
GC rs7041 genotype modified the effects of pregnancy on maternal and placental vitamin D metabolism. PMID: 29196501
Urinary VDBP correlated with proteinuria and renal SLE disease activity index, and predicted the development of proteinuria in lupus nephritis. PMID: 29958502
Findings implied that VDBP rs7041-G and rs3733359-T variants may contribute to increased susceptibility to HCV infection in a high-risk Chinese population. PMID: 30218750
Polymorphisms of VDBP rs4588 and rs2282679 may play a potentially important role in epilepsy susceptibility. PMID: 29993274
The study findings suggested a possible clinical application of uVDPB as an early and a good marker for the detection of early renal disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus Saudi patients. PMID: 29850609
GC gene variant has no effect on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. PMID: 28892641
genetic association study in population in north India: Data suggest (1) GT allele of VDBP SNP rs7041, (2) VDBP allelic combination (GC1F/1F: T allele rs4588; C allele rs7041), and (3) GA allele of CYP2R1 SNP rs2060793 are associated with vitamin D deficiency in women with PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) in population studied. (VDBP = vitamin D-binding protein; CYP2R1 = cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily R member 1) PMID: 28008453
The A allele of VDBP gene polymorphism might be a potential risk factor for progression of chronic urticarial. PMID: 29165650
The present study indicates an association between VDR and vitamin D binding protein Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among Turkish subjects. PMID: 29506625
Survival analyses showed that the vitamin D binding protein C allele was correlated with poor disease-free survival (DFS). PMID: 29409465
These findings showed that racial/ethnic variations in bioavailable vitamin D do not explain the lack of association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and multiple sclerosis in blacks and Hispanics; and they further challenge the biological plausibility of vitamin D deficiency as causal for MS. PMID: 29414925
We observed associations between VDR, GC, and CYP27B1 variants and maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Our results provide additional support for a possible role of genetic variation in vitamin D metabolism genes on vitamin D status during pregnancy. PMID: 29175129
Data show that vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) is elevated in the CSF of temporal lobe epilepsy patients. PMID: 19109932
In a Turkish Parkinson disease cohort, rs7041 of GC was associated with the PD risk. The homozygous major allele carriers for rs2282679, rs3755967 and rs2298850 of GC gene in PD patients with slower progression had significantly higher levels of serum 25OHD. This is the first study demonstrating GC gene as a risk factor for PD. PMID: 27282160
Vitamin D levels are associated with severity of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients. Although the rs7041 and rs4588 GC polymorphisms are strong predictors of vitamin D levels, they do not play a direct role in liver fibrosis. PMID: 28809744
Vitamin D binding protein polymorphisms were frequently associated to fibrosis grade in chronic hepatitis C suggesting that they could be used as disease evaluation markers to understand the mechanisms underlying the virus-host interaction. PMID: 29465575
Findings indicate that Gc globulin (GC) rs16847024, retinoid X receptor gamma (RXRG) rs17429130 and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA) rs4917356 were candidate susceptibility markers for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese females. PMID: 27636996
Increased circulating levels of vitamin D binding protein in multiple sclerosis patients. PMID: 25590278
Results show that APOE, DBP and AGT identified were associated with survival outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab PMID: 25428203
results provide a direct evidence of cross-talk among the structural domains of DBP PMID: 18035050
DBP strictly inhibited the production of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-induced T cell responses. PMID: 25230725
25(OH)D2 half-life was shorter than 25(OH)D3 half-life, and half-lives were affected by DBP concentration and genotype PMID: 24885631
The interaction between vitamin D status, as measured by circulating 25(OH)D and DBP rs2282679 genotypes, modified the association between 25(OH)D and BMD and bone markers PMID: 25890042
Data suggest that, while low circulating levels of DBP contribute to low circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with PHPT (primary hyperparathyroidism), low DBP alone is not responsible for the hypovitaminosis D observed in these patients; vitamin D metabolism is likely to be generally disturbed in PHPT. [EDITORIAL] PMID: 27858283
the purpose of this investigation was to assess the relative degree of O-linked trisaccharide glycosylation of DBP in breast, colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancer patients compared with healthy individuals. PMID: 19642159
Comparison of Two ELISA Methods and Mass Spectrometry for Measurement of Vitamin D-Binding Protein: Implications for the Assessment of Bioavailable Vitamin D Concentrations Across Genotypes. PMID: 27250744
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D binding protein genewere independently associated with lower 25-hydroxy-vitamin Dand higher 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D. PMID: 27313313
genetic association studies in a population in Brazil: Data suggest that SNPs in RXRG (rs2134095) and GC (rs7041) are associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and hypercholesterolemia in the population studied; there was no apparent association with an SNP in VDR (rs2228570). (RXRG = retinoid X receptor gamma; GC = vitamin D-binding protein; VDR = vitamin D receptor) PMID: 27721113
The study strongly suggests that there might have an association of vitamin D, and vitamin D-binding protein gene (codon 416 & 420) polymorphisms with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus PMID: 28888576
Low serum vitamin D-binding protein concentrations are associated with type 1 diabetes. PMID: 27103201
rs7041 polymorphism of Vitamin D Binding Protein does not affect platelet reactivity or the rate of high-residual platelet reactivity among patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel or ticagrelor. PMID: 28433569
High VDBG concentration was associated with coronary heart disease events in all racial and ethnic groups. PMID: 28472285
SNPs rs7041 and rs4588 of VDBP are not associated with the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D nor with the prevalence and extent of CAD. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels but not VDBP genetic status independently predicted the occurrence of coronary lesions at angiography. PMID: 28779988
Genetic variant in vitamin D-binding protein is associated with metabolic syndrome. PMID: 28278285
Study suggests higher (versus lower) circulating DBP may be independently associated with a decreased prostate cancer risk in black men independent of 25(OH)D status. PMID: 28369777
The data demonstrate a relationship between the diurnal rhythms of 1,25(OH)2D and DBP, possibly to maintain free 1,25(OH)2D concentrations. PMID: 28732681
the interaction between 25(OH)D status and some maternal GC variants influence the birth weight of infants PMID: 28241988
The results of this study suggest that DBP is not involved in the pathogenesis of MS in Italians. PMID: 28284354
This report summerizes current understanding of vitamin D-binding protein, its genetic determinants, and their effect on calcifediol concentrations. (Review) PMID: 27742848
Allelic variations in CYP2R1 and GC affect vitamin D levels, but variant alleles on VDR and DHCR7 were not correlated with vitamin D deficiency. PMID: 26038244
Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have lower serum VDBP than controls. PMID: 27682354
VDBP polymorphism is associated with vitamin D deficiency. PMID: 27768857
genome-wide association study in population of children/adolescents in Colorado: Data suggest that VDBP is an autoantigen in development of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the population studied; serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are negatively correlated with VDBP-autoantibody levels in patients in whom T1D developed during the winter. [META-ANALYSIS] PMID: 26983959
VDBP rs222020 C > T polymorphisms may be predisposition factors of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and the efficacy of brace treatment. PMID: 27856225
findings do not support a role of an independent effect of the investigated vitamin D-related gene variants, VDBP and CYP27B1, in the risk of Multiple Sclerosis PMID: 27904983
The polymorphisms in the VDR and VDBP genes appeared to be responsible for host susceptibility to human tuberculosis in a Taiwanese population. PMID: 26869016
No association was observed between GC or VDR polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. associations between vitamin D-related genetic variants and breast cancer were not observed overall, although the relationships between vitamin D pathway polymorphisms and breast cancer may be modified by menopausal status and breast tumour subtype PMID: 26631034
In a Pakistani population, no statistically significant associations between SNPs in VDR, DBP, and CYP2R1 and tuberculosis was demonstrated. PMID: 27160686

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.