Recombinant Human Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C2 (AKR1C2) Protein (His-SUMO)

Name: Recombinant Human Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C2 (AKR1C2) Protein (His-SUMO)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-03983P
Price: 349.0 USD
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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100ug

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C2 (AKR1C2) Protein (His-SUMO) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P52895
Target Symbol	AKR1C2
Synonyms	2-dihydrobenzene-1; 2-diol dehydrogenase; 3 alpha HSD3; 3 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type III; 3-alpha-HSD3; AK1C2_HUMAN; AKR1C pseudo; AKR1C2; Aldo keto reductase family 1 member C2; Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2; BABP; Bile acid binding protein; Chlordecone reductase homolog; Chlordecone reductase homolog HAKRD; DD; DD-2; DD/BABP; DD2; DDH 2; DDH2; Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 2; Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase/bile acid binding protein; Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase/bile acid-binding protein; FLJ53800; HAKRD; HBAB; MCDR 2; MCDR2; OTTHUMP00000044759; Pseudo chlordecone reductase; SRXY8; Trans 1 2 dihydrobenzene 1 2 diol dehydrogenase; Trans-1; Type II dihydrodiol dehydrogenase; Type III 3 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; Type III 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-SUMO
Target Protein Sequence	MDSKYQCVKLNDGHFMPVLGFGTYAPAEVPKSKALEAVKLAIEAGFHHIDSAHVYNNEEQVGLAIRSKIADGSVKREDIFYTSKLWSNSHRPELVRPALERSLKNLQLDYVDLYLIHFPVSVKPGEEVIPKDENGKILFDTVDLCATWEAMEKCKDAGLAKSIGVSNFNHRLLEMILNKPGLKYKPVCNQVECHPYFNQRKLLDFCKSKDIVLVAYSALGSHREEPWVDPNSPVLLEDPVLCALAKKHKRTPALIALRYQLQRGVVVLAKSYNEQRIRQNVQVFEFQLTSEEMKAIDGLNRNVRYLTLDIFAGPPNYPFSDEY
Expression Range	1-323aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	52.7kDa
Research Area	Metabolism
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Cytosolic aldo-keto reductase that catalyzes the NADH and NADPH-dependent reduction of ketosteroids to hydroxysteroids. Most probably acts as a reductase in vivo since the oxidase activity measured in vitro is inhibited by physiological concentrations of NADPH. Displays a broad positional specificity acting on positions 3, 17 and 20 of steroids and regulates the metabolism of hormones like estrogens and androgens. Works in concert with the 5-alpha/5-beta-steroid reductases to convert steroid hormones into the 3-alpha/5-alpha and 3-alpha/5-beta-tetrahydrosteroids. Catalyzes the inactivation of the most potent androgen 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5-alpha-DHT) to 5-alpha-androstane-3-alpha,17-beta-diol (3-alpha-diol). Also specifically able to produce 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one/5alphaDHT. May also reduce conjugated steroids such as 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone sulfate. Displays affinity for bile acids.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm, cytosol.
Protein Families	Aldo/keto reductase family
Database References	HGNC: 385 OMIM: 600450 KEGG: hsa:1646 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000370129 UniGene: Hs.460260
Associated Diseases	46,XY sex reversal 8 (SRXY8)
Tissue Specificity	Expressed in fetal testes. Expressed in fetal and adult adrenal glands.

Gene Functions References

Curcumin treatments considerably increased the expression of AKR1C2 in prostate cancer cell lines. PMID: 29369461
We identified two powerful genes in the liver cancer metastasis process, AEG-1 and AKR1C2. PMID: 26318406
Identify two novel factors, AKR1C2 (positive factor) and NF1 (negative factor), as the AEG-1 downstream players in the process of metastasis in liver cancer. PMID: 26351209
The endogenous HMOX1 gene but not the AKR1C2 gene is strongly repressed by Bach1 in HaCaT keratinocytes. PMID: 26244607
In model cell lines of endometrial cancer, AKR1C2 and SRD5A1 have crucial roles in progesterone metabolism. PMID: 25463305
Significantly higher levels of SRD5A1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, and HSD17B10 mRNA were however found in bone metastases than in non-malignant and/or malignant prostate tissue PMID: 24244276
The V54L mutation significantly decreases the 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of DDH2 for the reduction of dihydrotestosterone. PMID: 24434280
DDH2 expression might be a potential predictor and monitor of cisplatin efficacy in advanced NSCLC patients. PMID: 22534668
Data suggest that modulation of AKR1C2 by glucocorticoids (dexamethasone in this study) locally modifies exposure of adipose cells to endogenous androgens; thus, AKR1C2 activation/inactivation may be involved in regional fat deposition. PMID: 22275760
role of AKR1C2 in the metabolism of testosterone and progesterone via the 5beta-reductase pathway. PMID: 21521174
The folding initiation mechanism of human bile acid-binding protein (BABP) has been examined by (19) F NMR. PMID: 21280124
Overexpression of aldo-keto reductase 1C2 is associated with disease progression in patients with prostatic cancer PMID: 20840669
We investigated associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes HSD3B1, SRD5A1/2, and AKR1C2 and prostate cancer risk PMID: 20056642
human ileal bile acid binding protein binds two molecules of glycocholic acid with low intrinsic affinity but an extraordinarily high degree of positive cooperativity PMID: 11854486
The kinetics of 3-alpha-HSD type III indicates an ordered ternary complex mechanism characterized by allopregnanolone formation, with NAD cofactor binding before the steroid substrate and dissociating after release of the steroid product. PMID: 12416991
in prostate cells AKR1C2 acts as a 3-ketosteroid reductase to eliminate 5alpha-DHT and prevents activation of the androgen receptor. PMID: 12810547
Glaucomatous optic nerve head astrocytes express a higher level of 3alpha-HSD isoform AKR1C2 and its mRNA than normal astrocytes. PMID: 13678667
expression and activity of type 5 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and type 3 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in female subcutaneous tissue and omental adipose tissue and in preadipocytes PMID: 14671194
Akr1c2 which is up-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma probably plays an important role in tumor development of esophagus and may be proposed as a potential molecular target treatments. PMID: 15188492
metabolizes tibolone PMID: 15383625
Results suggest that 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) type 3 might play slightly different roles in zebrafish compared with human although testosterone itself is likely to have similar functions in both organisms. PMID: 16216911
human ileal bile acid binding protein has a high degree of selectivity in its interactions with glycocholate and glycochenodeoxycholate brought on by the conformation of its ternary complex PMID: 16411748
The regulation of AKR1C2 by antioxidant response element suggests that AKR1C2 detoxifies products of reactive oxidant injury. PMID: 16478829
continual intake of arsenic in drinking water might provoke AKR1C2 expression that could in turn induce drug resistance in bladder cancer, and AKR1C2 may have a role in development of bladder cancer PMID: 17203165
Wild-type ileal BABP undergoes a slow conformational change after both bile-salt binding sites become occupied, a kinetic step that is missing in mutants that lack positive cooperativity. PMID: 17432832
The inhibition of activation of the beta-catenin/TCF-signaling pathway is believed to be one mechanism by which AKR1C2 siRNA exerts a gatekeeper function during hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID: 18251165
Higher mRNA levels of enzymes synthesizing and inactivating androgens are found in differentiated adipocytes, consistent with higher androgen-processing rates in these cells. PMID: 18984855
The results show that several naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphisms in AKR1C2 result in reduced enzyme activities. These variant AKR1C2 alleles may represent one factor involved in the variable degradation of dihydrotestosterone in vivo. PMID: 19258517
The disulfide bridge does not modify the protein-binding stoichiometry, but has a key role in modulating recognition at both sites, inducing site selectivity for glycocholic and glycochenodeoxycholic acid. PMID: 19754879
The researchers found an increased risk of breast cancer in women with AKR1C2 who carried 1 or 2 alleles and who used estrogen-progesterone therapy. PMID: 19846565

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

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